SALMONOIDS AND TURBINES. 243 



was fixed in the tail-race a considerable distance below the dis- 

 charge from the turbine. Thirty-one Smolts were placed in the 

 turbine-pit. In twenty minutes the net and box were examined. 

 In the box were ten Smolts — one alive, one decapitated, one 

 with neck injured, and seven dead without marks. Another was 

 taken out of the tail-race with its head crushed and partly 

 severed. The large number (proportionately) which passed 

 through the turbine in twenty minutes is noteworthy. Vigorous 

 fishes often resist the suction of the turbine for a longer period. 



The fourth experiment was at Coagh Mills (Messrs. Duff's), 

 with the large Sabelly turbine, seventy-two inches in diameter, 

 and with thirty-eight revolutions per minute. Instead of the 

 ordinary net. Sir Thomas Brady used a wire-net on poles leading 

 into a box in the centre, fixed and held in the tail-race as close 

 to the turbine as possible. Six Smolts were placed in the pit 

 whilst the turbine was working. No Smolts were captured. 

 Water, however, broke over the netting, and may have carried 

 fishes away. Three Smolts were seen shortly afterwards swim- 

 ming over the case of the turbine, and about it, when the turbine 

 stopped. 



In the fifth experiment a McAdam turbine in the same mill 

 (Messrs. Duff's), of sixty inches in diameter and sixty-five revo- 

 lutions per minute, was used. The ordinary net and box with 

 perforated zinc were placed *' at a convenient distance from the 

 turbine." Eight Smolts were placed in the turbine-pit. In 

 fifteen minutes the net was raised. Two Smolts were found in 

 the box alive, one Trout dead and with its head injured, " but 

 it was quite evident that it had not been recently killed." In 

 this as in the others no examination appears to have been made 

 of the turbine-pit. 



Sir Thomas Brady concludes : — " I got so very few fry alive 

 that I cannot help thinking that they must have been killed at 

 once as they went through, and dropped into the deep water 

 below as they were struck. I used such precautions that I do 

 not see how the fry could have escaped my net otherwise. In 

 two places I admit they could." He said, further, that the 

 danger would be increased where hundreds and thousands were 

 " whirled round and shot out again." He had seven or eight 

 men from Lucan, including Mr. McDermott, a mechanical 



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