254 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



had lost an eye, probably from injury by unskilful use of the 

 brush in pushing it out of the wooden shoot, another had its 

 gills exposed by removal of the head, while the third had its 

 body crushed behind the pectorals, the skin being drawn over 

 the ruptured muscles. A fragment of a candle about 2 in. in 

 length was also in the net. It had been put in the shoot by 

 Mr. McDermott. No trace of the rest of the Trout was seen, 

 but the dark, surging water prevented minute observation, 

 though the bodies of the dead would readily be carried against 

 the net. There was ample opportunity for the concealment of 

 the living in the tail-race. 



(XII.) The next experiment was with the Hercules turbine of 

 about seventy-five horse-power, and having two hundred and fifty 

 revolutions per minute. In this instance the wooden shoot or 

 "trunk" was lowered 6-8 in. further into the iron shoot, so as 

 to bring the fishes more directly into the current. At 2.57 p.m. 

 fifty small Trout and four larger (9 in.) were pushed through the 

 wooden shoot, along with a candle to which lead was attached, 

 the total length being 6j in. The current issuing from the 

 Hercules turbine was less involved than in the previous case, so 

 that the bag of the net was carried out more satisfactorily. At 

 3.10 p.m. a portion (about 2 in.) of the candle appeared in the 

 water around the turbine, and ten minutes later the rest of the 

 candle floated out. It seems that Mr. McDermott thought that 

 by attaching a string and a leaden ring the specific gravity of 

 the candle would be adjusted to that of a fish, but this probably 

 caused its fracture. The turbine was stopped at 3.25 p.m. In 

 the net at the tail-race were two injured fishes which lay on 

 their sides. The larger was bruised behind the gill-cover, and 

 the smaller had a pale patch about the middle of the body below 

 the first dorsal fin. Both were paralysed. The larger fish soon 

 died, and the smaller remained paralysed. 



In the turbine-pit on the top of the cliff a single large Trout 

 was found. The rest of that size had passed through either 

 during the action of the turbines or subsequently. Of the 

 smaller series, one was captured in the pit, but others were 

 observed gliding over the rim as the water rushed down the 

 shoot. 



(XIII.) The same turbine was employed in this experiment. 



