THE PHARYNGEAL TEETH OF FISHES. 



451 



molar-like crushing teeth in the forward part of the mouth for 

 crushing the shellfish on which it feeds. There being this pro- 

 vision, the usual cardiform pharyngeal teeth found in so many 

 fishes are enough to deal with the food once it has passed them. 

 Food consists of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, echinoderms, and 

 seaweed. 



Pagellus centkodontus. The Common Sea-Bream. 

 There are ten horny gill-rakers on the first epibranchial, 

 going high up, with sixteen on the cerato-hypobranchial portion 



SPAEID^. 



Fig. 1. — Pageus auratus ; '2, lower jaw of ditto; 3, upper jaw of ditto. 

 Fig 4. — Cantharus lineatus. Fig, 5. — Box salpa. 



of the first arch. The longest on this portion are about one 

 and a third the depth of the gill below them. Along the 

 cerato-branchial portion they keep fairly uniform in length, 

 diminishing along the hypobranchial portion. The upper 

 pharyngeal teeth are cardiform, and set in two oval-shaped 

 shields, with the more prominent teeth in the upper part of the 

 patch ; the teeth are very thickly studded over these pharyngeal 

 bones. The lower pharyngeals seem to meet across the floor of 



