454 



THE ZOOLOGIST. 



to break up the shells of the moUusca, and also of the crustaceans 

 upon which they feed. 



Labrus mixtus. The Cook. Fig. 1 (p. 454). 



On the cerato-hypobranchial of the first branchial arch grow 



twelve short horny gill-rakers, with seven on its epibranchial. 



The gill-rakers on the other arches are alternate, and fit into 



each other. The upper pharyngeal conical teeth are in two 



LABBID^. 



Fig. 1. — Labrus mixtus. Fig. 2. — L. turdus. 

 Fig. 4. — CoRis JULis. 



Fig. 3. — L. FESTivus. 



sections, but looking like one that goes across the upper part of 

 the back of the mouth, and they act against the lower pharyngeal 

 teeth, which are similar looking teeth, but more rounded on 

 their summits, and which go in an elongated shape across the 

 floor of the mouth, but which throw out a promontor}' of teeth 

 towards the front part as well, the teeth on which are smaller 

 than those at the back. The gullet of this fish could not be 

 opened back to show the upper pharyngeals distinctly, so it was 



