﻿HERBERT 
  SPENCER. 
  3 
  

  

  of 
  life 
  ; 
  so, 
  the 
  originally 
  homogeneous 
  population 
  of 
  cells 
  arising 
  

   in 
  a 
  fertilized 
  gerrn-cell 
  becomes 
  divided 
  into 
  several 
  populations 
  

   of 
  cells 
  that 
  grow 
  unlike 
  in 
  virtue 
  of 
  the 
  unlikeness 
  of 
  their 
  

   circumstances." 
  

  

  Thus, 
  in 
  1857, 
  Spencer 
  clearly 
  laid 
  out 
  his 
  principles 
  of 
  

   Biology. 
  In 
  his 
  subsequent 
  great 
  work 
  on 
  the 
  subject 
  he 
  merely 
  

   amplified, 
  and 
  considered 
  from 
  various 
  points 
  of 
  view, 
  the 
  doctrine 
  

   of 
  this 
  Essay 
  on 
  Transcendental 
  Physiology. 
  

  

  Great 
  misconception 
  has 
  prevailed 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  relations 
  of 
  the 
  

   doctrines 
  of 
  Charles 
  Darwin 
  and 
  Herbert 
  Spencer. 
  These 
  we 
  

   may 
  deal 
  with 
  briefly. 
  The 
  first 
  publication 
  by 
  Darwin 
  and 
  

   Wallace 
  of 
  the 
  views 
  that 
  have 
  made 
  them 
  so 
  famous 
  took 
  place 
  

   in 
  1858, 
  a 
  year 
  after 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  Spencer's 
  work. 
  Hence 
  

   Spencer 
  could 
  not 
  have 
  derived 
  his 
  ideas 
  from 
  them. 
  Moreover, 
  

   though 
  the 
  teachings 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  men 
  — 
  Spencer 
  and 
  Darwin 
  — 
  

   are 
  constantly 
  confounded, 
  they 
  have 
  really 
  little 
  in 
  common, 
  

   except 
  that 
  both 
  are 
  endeavours 
  to 
  promulgate 
  the 
  truth 
  of 
  

   " 
  transformism." 
  

  

  The 
  first 
  indication 
  we 
  find 
  of 
  Spencer 
  being 
  acquainted 
  

   with 
  Darwin's 
  views 
  is 
  the 
  note 
  on 
  p. 
  404 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  edition 
  of 
  

   'First 
  Principles,' 
  published 
  in 
  March, 
  1862. 
  This 
  note 
  is 
  of 
  so 
  

   much 
  importance 
  that 
  we 
  will 
  quote 
  it 
  in 
  full. 
  It 
  runs 
  : 
  — 
  " 
  Had 
  

   this 
  paragraph, 
  first 
  published 
  in 
  the 
  'Westminster 
  Eeview 
  ' 
  in 
  

   1857, 
  been 
  written 
  after 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  Mr. 
  Darwin's 
  work 
  on 
  

   the 
  ' 
  Origin 
  of 
  Species,' 
  it 
  would 
  doubtless 
  have 
  been 
  otherwise 
  

   expressed. 
  Reference 
  would 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  to 
  the 
  process 
  of 
  

   ' 
  natural 
  selection 
  ' 
  as 
  greatly 
  facilitating 
  the 
  differentiations 
  de- 
  

   scribed. 
  As 
  it 
  is, 
  however, 
  I 
  prefer 
  to 
  let 
  the 
  passage 
  stand 
  in 
  

   its 
  original 
  shape 
  ; 
  partly 
  because 
  it 
  seems 
  to 
  me 
  that 
  these 
  

   successive 
  changes 
  of 
  condition 
  would 
  produce 
  divergent 
  varieties 
  

   or 
  species, 
  apart 
  from 
  the 
  influence 
  of 
  ' 
  natural 
  selection 
  ' 
  (though 
  

   in 
  less 
  numerous 
  ways, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  less 
  rapidly) 
  ; 
  and 
  partly 
  

   because 
  I 
  conceive 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  these 
  successive 
  changes 
  

   of 
  condition 
  ' 
  natural 
  selection 
  ' 
  would 
  effect 
  comparatively 
  little. 
  

   Let 
  me 
  add 
  that, 
  though 
  these 
  positions 
  are 
  not 
  enunciated 
  in 
  

   the 
  ' 
  Origin 
  of 
  Species,' 
  yet 
  a 
  mutual 
  friend 
  gives 
  me 
  reason 
  to 
  

   think 
  that 
  Mr. 
  Darwin 
  would 
  coincide 
  in 
  them 
  ; 
  if, 
  indeed, 
  he 
  

   did 
  not 
  consider 
  them 
  as 
  tacitly 
  implied 
  in 
  his 
  work." 
  

  

  Here 
  Spencer 
  makes 
  it 
  tolerably 
  clear 
  that 
  he 
  attached 
  but 
  

  

  