Vol. 60. VN.MVi;i!SAKV ADDRESS. lui 



topography as no one had attempted to deal with it before, treating 

 it both as a science that classified the various features of the land 

 which are determined by geological structure, and likewise as an art 

 deserving of the most scrupulous care in its cultivation on the part of 

 the cartographer. ' The face of the earth,' he significantly wrote. 

 ' is the face of a great angel, with infinite smiles and anguish-lines, 

 and profound sympathies with peace and suffering stamped upon its 

 features. Every lineament is a line of tragical history, full of 

 pathos and sublimity.' If such was his conception of landscape, wo 

 can readily understand with how deep an artistic feeling he must 

 have undertaken his work. ' The topographer/ he tells us, • if a 

 true artist, will put himself in true relations with this grand mute 

 object of his study, and learn its own record of its wonderful ex- 

 perience, if he will picture the earth as it is. The draughtsman 

 must first be a geologist.' Only a small edition of this remarkable 

 book was published, and it was never reprinted. Hence it has 

 been much less widely known than it well deserves to be. 



About the time of the appearance of this volume, he was appointed 

 Secretary of the American Iron Association of Philadelphia. In 

 this situation it was one of his first duties to collect accurate 

 statistics of the iron-industry of the United States. For this 

 purpose he not only carried on a voluminous correspondence, but 

 personally visited many of the ironworks himself, besides sending 

 one or two assistants to others. The results thus accumulated 

 were embodied by him in an important volume of nearly S00 pages, 

 • The Iron-Manufacturer's Guide,' which contained many maps and 

 a large amount of original discussion supplied by himself. 



At the beginning of 1858 he was elected Librarian of the 

 American Philosophical Society, and thus began an intimate asso- 

 ciation with this distinguished institution which lasted to the end 

 of his life. He subsequently became one of the Secretaries, and 

 for manv vears was Vice-President, until he declined re-election in 



■ ■ 



1^97. His devotion to this Society led him to work unweariedly 

 on its behalf, and to stimulate others in the furtherance of its 

 scientific reputation. In 1851) he became permanently Professor 01 

 Mining in the University of Pennsylvania. 



For fifteen years from that date he was mainly occupied in 

 making surveys and reports for public companies and private in- 

 dividuals. These labours involved much travelling and exposure. 

 as well as much hard work indoors in the prerjaration of his maps 

 and Reports. It is almost incredible that he could have turned 



