Vol. 60.] ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. XCV 



East of Ireland. But if Mr. Holmes's suggestion be well-founded, 

 this beach may really represent the 50-foot terrace. He is of opinion 

 that the adjacent sunk forest indicates a later submergence, whereby 

 the beach has been brought into its present relative position. 1 



In England and Wales the most continuous and best-preserved 

 examples of raised beaches are to be seen on the coasts of the 

 southern counties. Mr. Clement Reid has traced one of these 

 shore-lines through West Sussex and Hampshire into Dorset, at a 

 height of about 130 feet (or rather more) above the mean sea-level. 

 This terrace is best developed at Goodwood Park, where its sandy 

 layers have yielded numerous foraminifera. together with Balanns, 

 Mytilus edulis, Tellina balthica, TropJwn, and a Pholas-hored 

 boulder of chalk weighing about 2 hundredweight. This raised 

 beach is overlain by 17 feet of Coombe Rock, which, as Mr. Reid 

 has shown, points to Arctic conditions of deposit, and thus throws 

 the terrace back into the Glacial Period. The same observer has 

 noted in many places along the southern coast a succession of shingle- 

 terraces which may mark stages in the emergence of the land." 



The lower raised beaches along the coasts of Dorset, Devon, and 

 Cornwall have long been known, although their geological age, their 

 history, and their relation to the later phases of Pleistocene time, 

 have not yet been satisfactorily cleared up. William Pengelly, who 

 devoted so much time to this subject, clearly proved that these 

 beaches do not stand now at their original level, but that after their 

 formation the region was upraised to the amount, as estimated 

 by him, of not less than 70 feet, when the lowest sunk forests 

 flourished as land-surfaces, and that thereafter came a submergence 

 of certainly 40 and perhaps many more feet. 3 



Mr. Tiddeman has shown that, in Gower, on the coast of 

 Glamorgan, a raised beach which lies from 10 to 30 feet above 

 the level of the modern beach, and contains littoral shells of common 

 species, is yet older than at least some part of the Glacial Period, 

 for it is overlain by Glacial Drift. In this case also, its present 

 is probably not its original level. There is evidence of considerable 

 submergence, at a comparatively-late period, farther east in the same 



1 Trans. Cumberland Assoc, pt. ii (1876-77) p. 70. 



2 ' Geology of the Country near Chichester ' Mem. Geol. Surv. (1903) p. 40 ; 

 Geology of the Country around Ringwood ' ibid. (1902) chapt. ix ; & Quart. 



Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xlviii (1892) p. 344. 



3 Trans. Devon. Assoc, vol. i (1865) pt. iv, p. 34, & vol. ii (1867) pp. 25, 134. 



