244 COL. T. ENGLISH OX THE EOCENE AND [Allg. I904, 



with a steep northerly dip. Spratt (l, 1 p. 218) terms this island 

 ' volcanic," but near the sea-level I could find no trace of volcanic 

 action. 



The neighbouring islands of Kutali and Afizia show schists, 

 granite, and syenite. 



In the adjacent Artaki Peninsula marble appears near the 

 sea-level, covered by epidote-hornblende-schists, aud diorite with 

 hornblende, with a steep northerly dip at the north-western 

 extremity, Palios Point. At Murad Bair (near Artaki town), on 

 the south side of the peninsula, schists and marbles are exposed 

 with a varying dip. 



Marmora Island, separated from the Artaki Peninsula by a 

 channel 5 miles wide and 30 fathoms deep, is similarly formed of 

 alternating marble, schist, syenite, and marble, dipping steeply north- 

 westward. 



The Devonian rocks of the Bosphorus, 120 nautical miles east- 

 north-east from the Dardanelles, have long been known. Their 

 south-western limit is usually, following F. von Hochstetter, stated 

 to be the Golden Horn, and Stambul is supposed to be built on 

 Miocene deposits (2, p. 373) : but there is an outcrop, in the 

 railway-cutting at Old Seraglio Point, of steeply- inclined brown 

 schistose rocks, which are, to all appearance, older than Miocene, 

 and may probably be Devonian : they dip about 60° southward. 



The southernmost, visible extension of Devonian rocks is at the 

 Deserters' Islands, off Tu/.la Buruu. 



For the reasons already assigned, I do not propose to enter into 

 any discussion of pre-Eocene foldings, and I have selected the 

 Eocene deposits as the starting-point of a more detailed description 

 of the tectonic phenomena, because they can be traced throughout 

 the whole district, and are perhaps more readily to be identified 

 than any other of the formations which are exposed therein. 



II. Eocene (Lutetian). 



The Eocene deposits surrounding the older rocks begin with 

 sandstones, conglomerates, and clays, which become calcareous and 

 nummulitic upwards, and then change again to uufossiliferous 

 sandstones and shales, with subordinate lacustrine beds. These 

 strata are much disturbed and faulted, and are often vertical. 



I have seen a section between Yenikeui and Sarkeui, on the 

 northern shore of the Sea of Marmora, in which hard coralline 

 limestone, highly metamorphosed, lies conformably upon bands of 

 rough conglomerate, containing pebbles of old rocks, and sandstones. 

 These, again, overlie purple and grey clays, the whole dipping 70 

 north-westward. Similar sections exist west of Demotika and at 

 Bektashli in Thrace (3, pp. 344, 351) ; also at Kara Dere on the 

 southern shore of the Sea of Marmora (4, p. 18). 



1 Numerals in parentheses throughout this paper refer to the Bibliographical 

 List on p. 274. 



