Vol. 60.] LATER FORMATIONS ST/RROrXDING THE DARDANELLES. 245 



In other places, however, Xummulitic Limestones lie directly 

 upon the older rocks without the intervention of any sandstones, 

 conglomerates, or clay. Prof. 11. Hcernes says that in Samothrake 

 they rest immediately upon old clay-slates (5, p. 9) ; and F. von 

 Hochstetter remarks that at Sarai, Wisa. and Kirk-kilisse in the 

 north, they lie directly upon the gneiss, also that there is most clearly 

 a similar sequence in the Tundscha defile (2, pp. 383, 390, 392). 



Yiquesnel gives a section at Balouk-keui, near Feredjik in 

 Thrace, of red and green clays, with bones, and of greenish sandstone 

 resting unconformably on 'terrains de transition'; then 

 sandy limestones with freshwater shells, Viquesnelia lenticidaru 

 and Paludina ; and at the top, calcareous, possibly Xummulitic sand- 

 stone (gres calcarifere a nummulites?), with Nerincea,Pecten, 

 large Turritella, and club-like corals (3, p. 331). A. d'Archiac, in his 

 identification of the bones from this section as those of a Rhinoceros 

 of indeterminate species, classifies them as belonging to the Middle 

 or Upper Tertiary fauna, but is evidently at a loss to explain 

 the occurrence of Xummulitic deposits above them (3, p. 470). 

 I examined the beds at Balouk-keui, but unfortunately without 

 knowledge (at the time) of Yiquesnel's description, so that I cannot 

 be sure whether it was the same exposure which I saw ; the upper 

 beds appeared to me to be distinctly Miocene, and they certainly 

 include naphtha-sands. 



F. von Hochstetter. relying principally upon Yiquesnel's description 

 of this section, has concluded that there is a lower division of the 

 Eocene in this region, with a partly-lacustrine facies, under the 

 purely-marine Xummulitic Limestone-Series. He goes on to say 

 that he can scarcely find another place for the coal-seams known in 

 Thrace, at the time at which he wrote, than this lower lacustrine 

 division of the Eocene (2. p. 450). This, in my opinion, is certainly 

 erroneous, and the mistake probably arose from his classification of 

 the Oligocene strata, iu which the coals really occur, as Primary 

 rocks (phyllit). 



There is a section, found by Mr. White (the engineer to the 

 Keshan Collieries), running north aud south along the Gorgon a 

 Valley near Sarkeui, on the northern shore of the Sea of Marmora, 

 in which the outcropping edges of vertical and steeply-inclined 

 Xummulitic strata are exposed for more than half a mile, nearly at 

 right angles to the strike. The section continues southward for 

 about the same distance across the edges of the lacustrine sandstones, 

 clays, and shales, which are interbedded with the upper portion of, 

 and then overlie, the Xummulitic Series. The measured details of 

 this exposure are given in Table II (p. 273). but the conditions of 

 the ground leave it uncertain whether the section represents only the 

 actual thickness of the Xummulitic Series, or whether the beds arc 

 repeated by folding or faulting. If, as I believe, they are not so 

 repeated, the Xummulitic Series here cannot be less than 2000 feet 

 thick. 



