Vol. 60.] LATER FORMATIONS SURROUNDING THE DARDANELLES. 247 



remains on the southern shore of the Sea of Marmora, between 

 Lampsaki and Gueredje (4, pp. 19-20), which were pronounced by 

 Dr. Fritz Kerner von Marilaun to be ferns, agreeing well with 

 Chrysodium ( Fortisia) Lanzceanum from Monte Promina, and from 

 the Lower Bagshot of Studland, the Middle Bagshot of Bourne- 

 mouth, and the Upper Eocene of Hordwell ; also nearly identical 

 with Oligocene forms from the gypsum of Aix and from the Aqui- 

 tanian of Manosque (8, p. 26 & pis. i-ii). He moreover identified 

 Sterculia Labrusca, fan-palm, oak, and laurel-leaves, and considered 

 the beds to be not older than Middle Eocene, but not younger 

 than Oligocene. These plant-remains occur between Kara Dero 

 and Boz Burnu, in two marl-beds, in a series of sandstones with 

 layers of conglomerate and slaty marl, dipping 45° north-north- 

 westward. 



At Keshan, about 40 feet above the coal, and immediately under 

 the band of brecciated andesite which covers it, there is a thin 

 fossiliferous seam in the sandstones, traceable for about a mile and 

 a half, containing abundant casts of Corbicula (Cyrena) semistriata 

 and Melanopsis aff. M. fusiformis, accompanied by indeterminable 

 plant-impressions. At Lalakeui, 8 miles north of Keshan, the sand- 

 stones contain leaf-impressions and Corbicula semistriata, which has 

 also been found in the coal at Masatly. Samples of soft shelly lime- 

 stone, found at Harmanly, 3 miles east of Masatly, contain Corbicula 

 semistriata and Melanopsis, with small fragments of lignite. 



Three miles inland from Hora, on the northern shore of the Sea of 

 Marmora, a boring, started in the naphtha-bearing Miocene deposits 

 at 400 feet above sea-level, struck the fault which cuts off the 

 Lower Tertiary sandstones here (9, p. 152), at about 270 feet from 

 the surface. The boring was continued in hard sandstones and 

 shales, with a very steep dip. to a deptli of 1149 feet, and specimens 

 of (probably) Corbicula semistriata were brought up from between 

 1043 and 1066 feet, 



Mr. White has measured a section through the Keshan sand- 

 stones, of which the details are set forth in Table III (p. 274), with 

 the result that there are at least ]230 feet of blue shales and 

 sandstones above the coal, and 1350 feet of brown and grey sand- 

 stones (with occasional shales) below the coal, before any Nummulitic 

 rocks appear. This section agrees very fairly with the upward 

 continuation of the section at Gorgona Dere and Sarkeui, distant 

 25 miles south-east by east (see Table II, p. 273), where, for a 

 horizontal distance of 3600 feet to the southward of the highest 

 Nummulitic stratum yet recognized, there are vertical and 

 steeply-inclined brown sandstones and shales, overlain by green 

 sandstones and clays, containing seams of lignite and leaf- 

 impressions. 



On the northern shore of the Sea of Marmora, with possible 

 exceptions in small outcrops between Buyuk Tchekmedje and Silivri, 

 these lacustrine sandstones and clays only reach the sea between 

 Ganos and Combos, where they form the high coast-cliffs of the 

 Tekfur Dagh, and have been cut off to the eastward bv the fault 



