Vol. 60.] EOCENE. ETC. SURROUNDING THE DARDANELLES. 249 



bordering the falling-in of the Marmora sea-bed. The general 

 appearance of the strata is shown in fig. 1 (p. 248), reproduced 

 from a photograph taken at a point near to which the soundings 

 show an average gradient of 1 in 3 from the foot of the cliffs 

 down to a depth of 580 fathoms. 



On the south of the Sea of Marmora, coal-seams, clays, and 

 shales interstratified with andesite, occur near Tchatal Tepe, south of 

 Kamir. The principal seam consists of bright, bituminous coal, 

 similar in quality to that found at Keshan. 18 inches thick, with 

 a clay-floor and roof. 



Since writing my previous paper, I have had an opportunity of 

 tracing these lacustrine deposits westward from the neighbourhood 

 of Examil, on the isthmus between the Gulf of Xeros and the Sea 

 of Marmora, where they are overlain by Miocene strata. They 

 appear again between Bulair aud Teni-keui, on the northern coast 

 of the Gallipoli Peninsula, and form the whole of this coast as 

 far as Cape Suvla, a distance of 25 miles, considerably disturbed in 

 places, and with a generally-steep south-south-easterly dip. The 

 coast-cliffs are apparently cut off all the way by a fault "with a 

 north-north-westerly downthrow, and plunge immediately into the 

 deep water of the Gulf of Xeros. These strata form the backbone 

 of the Gallipoli Peninsula, and the harder rocks rise in places to 

 an altitude of 1300 feet. South-eastward they are overlain un- 

 conformably by the generally-horizontal Miocene sands and clays 

 which enclose the Dardanelles, the line of demarcation following 

 approximately the centre-line of the peninsula. Seams of coal 

 occur at several places in the sandstones, between Buyuk and 

 Kutchuk Hanafart, at Taifur-keui and Kavaklv. 



Similar sandstones, also with thin seams of coal, reappear in 

 the north-eastern quarter of Imbros, which is separated from Cape 

 Suvla by a channel 13 miles wide and 50 fathoms deep. They con- 

 tinue to show along its northern coast, until they are hidden by the 

 volcanic rocks which make up the main bulk of the island. The 

 sandstones, with subordinate shales and clays, come into contact 

 with andesite about a mile south of the village of Panagia, where 

 they dip 30° eastward. A thin lignite-parting shows in the sand- 

 stones about half a mile south of Panagia. At a mile and a half 

 north-east of the village, some small excavations have been made, in 

 order to ascertain the development of a coal-seam about 6 inches 

 thick, which crops out here between clay-beds. There are some 

 old coal-workings about 4 miles north-east of this locality, and coal 

 is said to crop out some miles to the west. The sandstones are 

 indistinguishable from those of Keshan, and the appearance of the 

 coals is also very similar. 



In Lemnos. according to Prof. L. de Launay's description, the 

 sedimentary rocks are composed exclusively of sandstones, grau- 

 wackes. conglomerates, and shales, without limestones, and occupy 

 more than two-thirds of the island, often showing traces of meta- 

 morphism. These deposits are generally dark in colour, from brown 

 to green, and of very compact, fine-grained texture, with no traces 



Q.J.G.S. Xo, 239. s 



