250 COL. T. ENGLISH ON THE EOCENE AND [Aug. I904, 



of organic life except indistinguishable plant-remains, generally 

 with very steep dips, and occasionally with reversed beds (6, p. 201). 

 This description might be applied, word for word, to the bulk of 

 the coal-bearing strata on the mainland and in Imbros. 



Prof, de Launay supposes that the Lemnos rocks represent a sort 

 of ' flysch/ either supra-Cretaceous or Eocene, and that the solution 

 of the question of their age may be furnished by an examination of 

 Imbros (6, p. 208). He evidently inclines to a supra-Cretaceous date 

 (6, p. 198), but perhaps the Eocene or Oligocene alternative would 

 have had more weight with him, had he been in possession of the 

 information from Imbros and the Gallipoli Peninsula which I have 

 had the opportunity of obtaining. 



Prof. Hcernes describes, in Samothrake, above black Nummu- 

 litic and echinoidal limestones, a series of alternate layers of sand, 

 sandstone, and conglomerate, between which more or less thick 

 strata of greenish-blue and red to blackish-brown volcanic tutfs are 

 intercalated. This series includes a great part of the island, and is 

 surmounted by trachytes (5, p. 9). 



From the abundance of Corbicula semistriata it is certain that 

 the coal-seams in the Dardanelles district are Oligo- 

 cene. All the available evidence points to the conclusion that 

 the strata of Lemnos, north-eastern Imbros, the southern shore of 

 the Gulf of Xeros, the Kuru Dagh and Tekfur Dagh in Thrace, a 

 great part of Samothrake, and the beds described by Prof. Toula at 

 Gueredje and by myself at Tchatal Tepe (on the south side of the 

 Sea of Marmora), belong to the same lacustrine formation above 

 the Nummulitic (Lutetian) Limestones. As in the Carpathian Sand- 

 stones in Western Rumania, this formation appears to represent 

 both the uppermost Eocene and the Oligocene (10, p. 79). 



Farther south in the Archipelago, the evidence is more conflicting, 

 but, according to Prof, de Lapparent, the flora of the basin of 

 Kumi, in Eubcea, belongs to the Aquitanian division of the Oligo- 

 cene (11, p. 1509). In the island of Skyro, and in Chelidromia, 

 one of the Magnesian group, Prof. Philippson notices lignite-deposits, 

 which he considers to be equivalent to those of Kumi. He also 

 remarks black and yellowish clay-slates, sandstones, and limestones 

 above the Cretaceous, in the islands of Skiatho, Skopelo, and 

 Chelidromia (12, pp. 117, 127, 130, 136). The eastern coast of 

 Psara, 35 miles south-south-west from the western point of Mitylene, 

 consists of a series of dark-blue and grey shales, interstratified 

 with occasional beds of yellow and reddish sandstones, all showing 

 a general dip of 30 p to 40° south-eastward. These beds apparently 

 extend nearly, if not quite, to the highest point of the island. 

 I could see no appearance of volcanic rocks from the sea. 



IV. Lower Tertiary Foldings. 



Throughout the whole district surrounding the Dardanelles, the 

 general folding of the Lower Tertiary strata, both Nummulitic and 



