Vol. 60.J LATER FORMATIONS SURROUNDING THE DARDANELLES. 257 



basin, traces of which can be found stretching across the Chalkidike 

 Peninsula to Kassandra (20). 



As, however, nearly the whole possible area of this basin is now 

 covered by water, its limits cannot be defined farther than that it 

 did not extend beyond the northern coasts of Lemnos and Athos, and 

 the southern coasts of Thasos and Samothrake. The last-mentioned 

 island was probably then connected with the mainland, as it stands 

 on a broad bank of soundings, on which the depths do not exceed 

 30 fathoms. 



Eastward of this, the Oligocene rocks of the Kuril Dagh and the 

 Tekfur Dagh formed a large tract of land, into which a Sarmatic 

 gulf extended for some miles beyond the head of the present Gulf 

 of Xeros. The ridge of Serian Tepe, though not so markedly de- 

 veloped as now, formed the southern shore of this gulf, and stretched 

 to the south-westward as a narrow peninsula in the same line as 

 the Thracian Chersonese. It terminated in a point near Examil, 

 which formed the eastern limit of the channel leading into the 

 interior basin. 



Prom this point the coast-line of the Sarmatic land stretched 

 nearly in a straight line for about 32 miles north-east by east to 

 Ganos. The Sarmatic Beds now disappear under the sea-level at 

 Ganos, apparently cut off by the fault which bounds the deep 

 Marmora depression terminating at that place. They appear 

 again about 12 miles north-eastward at Combos, and from here the 

 coast-line, of steeply-dipping Oligocene rocks (fig. 2, p. 252), turned 

 westward, past Malgara and Keshan to Enos. From Balouk-keui, 

 near Eeredjik, the coast, principally of volcanic and Eocene rocks, 

 followed the right bank of the Maritza upward nearly to Adrianople, 

 where another interior basin in all likelihood commenced, as 

 A. d'Archiac indicates Sarmatic fossils, Mactra podolica, etc., at 

 Gheuldjik and at Xebilkeui, 1 in the Arda basin (3, pp. 473, 477). 

 From Adrianople eastward to Derkos, the northern portion of the 

 Sarmatic basin had a coast-line very little different from that of 

 the Eocene sea, since, according to Viquesnel (3, Atlas), the old 

 rocks to the northward are separated from the Miocene deposits by 

 a continuous narrow belt of Eocene strata. 



In the outer basin Sarmatic fossils have been obtained as follows : — 



At San Stefano I found Melanopsis costata and fragments of Unio. 

 in a thin seam close to the sea-level, under the A/ac^-a-limestone, 

 which latter extends 7 miles farther east, to Constantinople. 



Along nearly the whole distance from Ganos to Examil the 

 Sarmatic freshwater beds, conglomerates, sands, and clays, with 

 lignite and petroleum, which underlie the J/rtc^m-limestone, can be 

 traced as a belt from 2 to 4 miles broad, very much dislocated by 

 later disturbances, but generally thinning out against the harder 

 Oligocene sandstones. These freshwater beds, and the marine 

 Sarmatic which overlies them, are well developed in the Dardanelles 

 section, where they have been described by Calvert & Neumayr (29, 



1 F. von Hoehstetter (2, p. 376) misquotes Naip-kioi, near Rodosto, for 

 the locality of these fossils. 



