258 COL. T. ENGLISH ON THE EOCENE AND [Aug. I904, 



p. 357), Prof. Hcernes (21, p. 7), and Prof. Toula (4, p. 8), and con- 

 tain fossils similar to those which I have found in the districts of 

 Myriophyto and Hora. These include Melanopsis afF. costata, Unio, 

 Anodonta, Bithynia, Limnaza, Neritina, Planorbis cf. cornu, and 

 Melania cf. Escheri. 



At Demotika and Tomletchi (between Tchampkeui and Feredjik), 

 Viquesnel collected several varieties of Mactra podolica (3, p. 477). 

 I have found Cardium protr actum in limestone near the potteries, 

 about a mile north-west of Keshan, and also in thin beds of soft 

 limestone and clays at Gherme Tepe', halfway along the road from 

 Keshan to Boz Tepe. 



Harder limestone-beds, with Mactra podolica and Cardium pro- 

 tractum, occur about 8 miles north of Keshan, in the area between 

 Beyendik, Lalakeui, Mai Tepe, and Basait. At Tailab, 8 miles east- 

 south-east of this locality, in the direction of Malgara, the same 

 fossils occur. At Malgara itself, Mactra podolica is very abundant in a 

 soft grey limestone-bed. Near Sarkeui I have found Limnocardium 

 in soft shales at the southern end of the Gorgona Dere. Mactra 

 podolica occurs in semicrystalline limestone near Heraklitza, and 

 also in limestone 1 mile south-west of Dohan Asian. 



At Saraijelli, about 4 miles south-east of Chanak, in the Dar- 

 danelles, Mr. Calvert has noticed an unconformity in the Miocene 

 formation, the lower strata, close to the Nummulitic rocks, dipping 

 20° south-westward, while the superposed beds are nearly horizontal. 1 



I do not consider that there is any adequate foundation, on the 

 present eyidence, for F. von Hochstetter's determination of his 

 Levantine formation in this neighbourhood. The authority for 

 this is his statement that the uppermost strata, from Stambul to 

 Kutchuk Tchekmedjc, contain numerous casts and impressions of 

 freshwater shells {Melanopsis, Paludina, Planorbis, and Neritina), 

 and therefore must be acknowledged as freshwater Levantine 

 deposits (2, p. 381 & map). The only fossil-locality quoted in 

 support of this statement is the section in the railway-cutting at 

 Jedikule, near Constantinople, which consists of: — 



1 to 2 feet of humus ; 



4 to 5 feet of yellowish shelly limestone, with numerous casts of Melanopsis 



cf. inconstans, Neritina Gratehupana (semiplicata) , Planorbis cornu, 



VI. pscudammonius, Paludina (Bithynia) sp. ; 

 2-inch clay-parting ; 6 inches of white calcareous marl ; 4 inches of clay , 



1 foot calcareous sandy bed, with countless casts of Mactra podolica ; 



2 feet of white marly limestone, with conchoidal fracture ; 



3 inches of clay and 1 foot calcareous sandy bed (21, pp. 31-32). 



This cutting is now grass-grown, wherefore no fossils arc visible ; 

 but Prof. Hoernes examined those obtained by F. von Hochstctter, 

 and came to the conclusion that the Melanojms-c&sts belonged to 

 M. trojana ( = costata), which he had found in the Sarmatic deposits 

 at Erenkeui, in the Dardanelles, and that the fauna generally from 

 this section appears to bear a great resemblance to that of the lower 

 lacustrine (Erenkeui) beds. 



1 Communication to the Author. 



