26lt 



COL. T. ENGLISH ON THE EOCENE AND [Aug. I904, 



Sarmatic strata of the Gallipoli Peninsula, which they directly face. 

 The width of the channel here is 10 miles, and its greatest depth is 

 50 fathoms. 



These beds have evidently been eroded by recent sea-action over 

 the space now occupied by the lagoon and sand-ridges, in which 

 some small knolls, remnants of a clay-bed just above the sea-level, 

 are still visible. At their junction with the main mass of the 

 island, the Sarmatic strata apparently rest unconformably upon the 

 sloping profile of the volcanic rock, though the actual junction is 

 hidden by a talus of volcanic debris. The lower portion, more 

 especially the above-mentioned clay-bed, contains rounded andesite- 

 pebbles, aud the whole appearance is that of a Sarmatic coast-line 

 near the present sea-level. The water-line, however, at the time 

 of the deposition of the highest Sarmatic beds, must have stood 



Fig. 4. — Promontory of Megalai Kephalai, island of Imbros. 



(See j>. 259.) 



more than 700 feet above the present shore, as the nearly-horizontal 

 strata on both sides of the Dardanelles are at fully that height 

 where they thin out against the older rocks. 



Spratt's collection of fossils from Tenedos, in the Geological Society's 

 Museum, includes unmistakable specimens of Mactra podolica, and 

 the Sarmatic waters must have covered the larger part of this island 

 and of the adjacent islets, as well as the western coast of the 

 Troad and the site of Hamaxitos, nearly as far south as Cape 

 Uaba (17, p. 630) ; but, according to Prof, de Launay (6, p. 282), 

 no Sarmatic deposits can be traced in Lemnos or in Mitvlene. 



Brackish and freshwater Pontian deposits have been described as 

 occurring in Chios (25, p. 350), Mitylene (6, pp. 1(57 et seqq.% the 

 Troad (17, p. 630), the Dardanelles (11, p. 1546), Kassandra (20, 

 p. 323), the northern shore of the Sea of Marmora, and the Ergene 

 valley in Thrace (3, pp. 472, 480). In addition to these localities 



