212 COL. T. ENGLISH ON THE EOCENE AND [A-Ug. I904. 



ice and tides, in sweeping up the surface-soil and its contents 

 during a submergence which allowed insufficient time for ordinary 

 sedimentation. 



Mr. Calvert has found boulders and clay in the Dardanelles 

 Valley, apparently distributed along an old beach from the foot of 

 Kernel to the Five Pines, also large blocks of quartz, some of them 

 striated, in the ancient river-gravels of the Khodius, 50 to 60 feet 

 above the present sea-level. Triese quartz-blocks must have come 

 from the auriferous reef at Astyra, about 12 miles distant to the 

 east-south-east. 



IX. SuMMAKY OF OBSERVATIONS. 



A list of the publications to which I have referred is annexed to 

 this paper ; and the following is a summary of geological facts not 

 hitherto recorded, which I have had the opportunity of observing in 

 the region surrounding the Dardanelles: — 



1. The Pasha-Liman group of islands and the Artaki Peninsula in 



the Sea of Marmora are not volcanic, but consist of stratified 

 rocks which formed part of a pre-Eocene archipelago. 



2. The Kuru-Dagh and Tekfur-Dagh ranges are not composed 



of Primary rocks (phyllit), but of Lower Tertiary lacustrine 

 sandstones, clays, and schists, overlying the Xummulitic Series. 

 They are 3000 feet thick, interstratified with volcanic rocks, 

 and contain Oligocene coal-seams. The Gallipoli Peninsula 

 and the island of Imbros are partly composed of strata of the 

 same age, which also occur at Tchatal Tepe, south of the Sea 

 of Marmora. 



3. The Eocene and Oligocene strata are folded on a large scale. 

 The central fold can be traced for 200 miles through Lemnos 

 in a direction of S. (>0 C W., according with that shown by 

 Prof. Philippson for the * Flysch ' of Thessaly. 



4. Strati Island is entirely volcanic, as is the south-east of Imbros 



also. 



5. Helvetian-Tortonian marine deposits occur north of the Gulf of 



Xeros, and on the northern shore of the Sea of Marmora. 



6. Sarmatic strata, freshwater and marine, form the northern shore 



of the Sea of Marmora from Ganos to the Dardanelles, and no 

 Levantine Beds are to be found here. Sarmatic strata also 

 occur near Keshan and Malgara in Thrace, at the south-eastern 

 corner of Imbros, and in Tenedos. 



7. Pontian Beds occur near Keshan. 



8. There is a post-Sarmatic extension of the central fold of the 



Lower Tertiary strata, from Dohan Aslau through Serian Tepe 

 and Mount Elias to Ganos, which has thrown up a ridge 

 blocking the Sarmatic connection between the Sea of Marmora 

 and the Gulf of Xeros. 



9. The Ponto-Caspian water rose to 130 feet above the present 

 sea-level in Upper Pliocene times, and left a beach of brackish 

 lacustrine shells at Hoi a. 



