282 MR. E. B. NEWTON ON FOSSILS PROM [Aug. 1904, 



Miocene (marine Sarmatian). 



Marine Sarmatian shells have been obtained from the limestones, 

 etc., of San Stefano, Heraklitza, Dohan Asian (near Keshan), Mal- 

 gara, etc., the most important being Mactra podolica and Cardium 

 protractum. M. podolica is a typical Sarmatian species, while the 

 Cardium is found in the Crimea in beds of similar age. 



Mactra podolica, Eichwald. (PI. XXIV, figs. 16-18.) 



Mactra podolica, Eichwald, ' Naturhistorische Skizze von Lithauen, &c.' 1830, 



p. 207. 

 Mactra deltoides & M. biangulata, Abich, 'Geologie d. Kaukasus ' Mem. Acad. 



Imp. Sci. St. Petersb. ser. 6, vol. ix (1859) pp. 531, 532, figs. 1-4 (p. 514) & 



pi. viii, figs. 4 a & 4 b. 

 Mactra podolica, Hoernes, ' Foss. Moll. Tert.-Beck. Wien ' Abhandl. d. k.-k. Geol. 



Reichsanst. vol. iv (1859) pt. i, p. 62 & pi. vii, figs. 1-8. 



Good specimens of this shell occur in a reddish siliceo-calcareous 

 rock at Heraklitza, showing external and internal features in every 

 way agreeing with the figures published by A. d'Archiac in 

 Viquesnel's ' Voyage dans la Turquie d'Europe ' (1868) pi. xxiv, 

 figs. 1 & 2. 



Further examples of the species are observed in another reddish 

 rock from Charkeui, in the same neighbourhood, and obscure casts 

 are present on a white limestone from San Stefano, near Con- 

 stantinople. Beside these, matrix-casts, of various sizes and of 

 somewhat rounder form, occur abundantly in a reddish rock accom- 

 panied by an indeterminable Cardium, at Yailah. Similar natural 

 casts are frequent in a grey formation of marly character at Malgara, 

 while a very different rock from this also comes from near Malgara, 

 which is full of a small, globulose, thick-tested shell, probably 

 representing the younger stage of the species (PI. XXIV, figs. 17 & 18). 

 Abich has figured some very rounded forms of Mactra 'podolica (under 

 the names of M. deltoides of Lamarck and M. biangulata of Pusch), 

 from the Middle Tertiary deposits of Russian Armenia, which, 

 although of larger size than the present specimens, may bear a 

 relationship to them. These globulose specimens from Malgara 

 have highly-crystalline tests, which prevent any development of 

 internal characters, so that the dentition is not exposed. A moderate- 

 sized example has the following dimensions : — Height =12 milli- 

 metres; length =13; maximum depth with closed valves =11. 



One of the samples of this rock shows indistinct traces of a 

 Cardium. 



Horizon. — Miocene (Sarmatian). 



Localities. — Heraklitza ; Charkeui ; San Stefano : Yailah ; near 

 Malgara ; and Dohan Asian. 



Cardium protractum, Eichwald. (PI. XXIV, fig. 19.) 



Cardium, protractum, Eichwald, ' Zoologia Specialist vol. i (1829) p. 283, pi. v, fig. 9 

 W. H. Baily, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xiv (1858) p. 144; A. d'Archiac 

 in Viquesnel's ' Voyage dans la Turquie d'Europe ' vol. ii (1868) p. 480 

 P. Fischer, 'Faune Tertiaire Moyenne' in Tchihatcheff's 'Asie Mineure 

 Paleontologie ' (1866) p. 356 & pi. vii, fig. 3. 



This species is represented by a few well-preserved casts having 



