•342 3IR. H. X. DAVIES OX THE DISCOVERY OP [Aug. 1904, 



5 inches thick — had been cut through ; and a large quantity of cave- 

 earth and great blocks of stone from the central part of the fissure 

 had been cleared away in making a deep trench for the drain-piping, 

 when 2 feet below the under-surfaee of the stalagmite, the human 

 skull (PI. XXIX) was brought to light. It was taken out iu pieces, 

 but so carefully that there was no difficulty in putting it together 

 again. The rest of the skeleton was then unearthed ; and the bones 

 of an arm and a leg, some ribs, and a part of the pelvic girdle were 

 removed. 



Fortunately, it occurred to Mr. A. G. Gough to allow the other 

 bones to remain in situ, so that the section (as in fig. 4, p. 340) is now 

 preserved for future reference. One shin-bone touched the bottom- 

 layer of the stalagmite and was encrusted ; the other bones were in 

 the earth. The skull was lying in a slightly-lower position than 

 the pelvis and lower extremities, at the spot marked x in fig. 4. 

 The legs were drawn up, one of the arms bent so as to bring the 

 hand to the back of the head, and the whole position of the skeleton 

 such as would have been assumed by the body of a drowned man 

 swirled into its last resting-place by a rushing torrent. 



Immediately below the head is another bed of stalagmite, more 

 crystalline than the top-bed, and about half the thickness, but this 

 is not continuous. The blocks of limestone seen in fig. 4 rise out 

 of this ; some are rounded; others angular, and one is completely 

 encrusted with a thin coating of granular calcareous deposit. At 

 the bottom of the section, and beneath a lower bed of stalagmite, is 

 a thick bed of sand and large well-rounded pebbles. 



I have made a careful examination of the human remains. The 

 cranium is of medium size, the sutures intricate, the roof of excep- 

 tional thickness (9 millimetres). The left malar bone and the nasal 

 bone are missing ; there is a big hole on the same side, which has 

 removed a portion of the parietal and temporal bones ; the front 

 portion of the upper maxillary has disappeared, carrying with it the 

 incisors. The lower jaw is perfect, with the exception of an injured 

 condyle and a missing molar ; it is very wide, measuring 11*5 centi- 

 metres from one condyle to the other, and is powerfully formed. 

 The frontal is receding, though not sufficiently so to make it an 

 important character of the face ; and as a portion of the supra- 

 orbital elevation is gone, it can only be said to have been con- 

 siderable. 



It will thus be seen that the face is much mutilated ; but the 

 cranium certainly occupies a much higher plane than the Xeander- 

 ihal or Spy specimens, approximating very nearly to the form of the 

 Tilbury head described and figured in Owen's 'Antiquity of Man' 

 i V S4, pp. 4-9 & pis. i-iii, and now exhibited in the Xatural History 

 Museum, South Kensington. 



The measurements, as correctly as they can be made, are : — 

 Maximum length = 185 millimetres, maximum width = 130 mm., 

 giving a cephalic index of about 73. The extreme thickness of the 



