Gt'oJogy i)f Hudson CuiDtty, Xe/c Jcrsei/. o9 



occur. Constable's Hook is separated from Bergen Point by 

 tlie soutliernmost of these areas. Here, in some portions of the 

 Newark Meadows, the surface consists of peat formed of the 

 matted stems and roots of plants, which become more decom- 

 posed and muck-like some feet below. 



The salt-marsh occurs again southward of Lafayette, tilling 

 the area between Caven Point and Bergen Hill. Northward of 

 Lafayette, and reaching all the way to the Hudson above Castle 

 Point, is the largest area of salt-meadow east of Bergen Hill. 

 It is like the others already mentioned, in character. 



Along the Morris Canal, between Lafayette and Harsimus, 

 soundings have been made in the marsh to the depth of 90 to 

 130 feet without reaching rock-bottom. In one of these sound- 

 ings near the canal bridge on Pacific Avenue, a stream of quick- 

 sand is reported, at the depth of 130 feet, flowing southward 

 Avith such force as to bend the sounding-tube. 



On the western edge of the upland forming Harsimus, near 

 the corner of Wayne and Brunswick Streets, a large well has 

 recently been excavated, giving the following section : — 



Filling, . - - - . 



10- 



-U feet. 



Turf (the original surface of the marsh). 



2 



•• 



Bluish river-mud, with oyster-shells, pine-cones. 







drift-wood, etc., ... 



13- 



-14 •' 



Quicksand, - - - 



6 



inches. 



Reddish mud, - - 



18 



feet. 



Gravel, - - - - - 







a 



On the eastern side of the block in which this section was 

 obtained, and commencing less than 100 feet away, is the rem- 

 nant of a hill of sand and gravel, which still rises some twenty 

 feet above the surface of the marsh, showing the abrupt nature 

 of the shores of the old river-channel that once divided Harsi- 

 mus from Bergen Hill. The same thing is illustrated at the 

 corner of Washiugtoii and Warren Streets, where less than four 

 hundred feet from the upland, piles have been driven through 

 peaty mud to the depth of over seventy feet, to form the founda- 

 tion of St. Peter's church. Other instances might be mentioned, 

 showing that the deposits of drift and sand east of Bergen Hill 



