158 FISHBERG 



" Lectures on Man " gave an excellent description of these two 

 types. " The first found mostly in Northern Russia and Poland, 

 Germany and Bohemia are often characterized by red hair, 

 short beard, short concave nose, small grey lustrous eyes ; their 

 body is inclined to be stout, the face round with broad cheek- 

 bones, is similar to some of the northern Slavonians. On the 

 other hand in the Orient, and around the Mediterranean, and 

 also in Portugal and Holland are found Jews with long black 

 hair and beard, large almond shaped black eyes, a melancholy 

 cast of countenance, with a long face and a prominent nose. 

 In short the type which we find represented in the paintings of 

 Rembrandt." ^ This view was supported by Broca, who stated 

 that in his opinion the Jews are not a pure race, but a mixture 

 of various races. The blond Jews in Alsace-Lorraine and Ger- 

 many have their origin in intermixture with northern races ; in 

 Russia there are evidences of mixture of Jews with Slavonians, 

 Finns and Tartars. The view that there are two racial types of 

 Jews has been shared by many other anthropologists ; Stieda, 

 who was the first to investigate the problem in Russia by direct- 

 ing two of his pupils to obtain measurements of Jews in 

 Russia, arrived at the same conclusion which is shared by Top- 

 inard, Deniker, and Weisbach.^ Maurer describes in detail the 

 physical traits of two races of Jews living in Bosnia : One, the 

 Turanian type, with prominent cheek bones, with a broad mouth 



time in the Bakan States, as Bosnia, Europeon Turkey, Roumania, etc., are also known 

 by the name Spagmioliy probably because of the Spanish jargon they still employ. 

 There were many of them in the United States, but they are rapidly disappearing 

 by intermarriage wilh Ashkenazim, etc. These two groups of Jews differ in their 

 traditions, rites, and physical type. The Separdim consider themselves as the 

 branch of Israel which has maintained itself to the present day in its original Semitic 

 purity, and kept itself free from admixture of non-Semitic blood than the Ashkena- 

 zim. They refuse to intermarry with the German Jews, have their own synagogues, 

 cemeteries, etc. 



1 Karl Vogt, Vorlesungen iiber den Menschen, II, p. 238. 



2 See L. Stieda, " Ein Beitrag zur Anthropologic der Juden," Archiv fi'ir An. 

 thropoIogi(',W\ , pp. 61-71, 1883 ; B. Blechman, "Ein Beitrag zur Anlhropol- 

 der Juden," Dorpat, 1882, Diss. ; P. Topinard, "Elements d' anthropologic gen- 

 erale," Paris, 1886; J. Deniker, "The Races of Men," London, 1900; A. 

 Weisbach, " Korpermessungen verschiedener Menschenrassen," Zcitschrift fi'ir 

 Ethnoloi^ic, Erganzunsband, 1877. 



