ANTHROPOLOGY OF EASTERN EUROPEAN JEWS 159 



having thin hps ; and large jaws. The nose is pear shaped, 

 narrow and depressed at the root. The head is round, the eyes 

 blue, and blond or reddish hair are frequently encountered 

 among them. The other type is said to be possessed of all the 

 traits which characterize the Semites, such as long head,^dark 

 hair and eyes, etc.^ 



Other anthropologists have seen in the Jews more than a 

 mixture of two races. C. Ikof, basing his opinion on measure- 

 ments obtained of 1 20 Jews in Russia, and 5 5 Jewish and Karaite 

 skulls derived from Russia, Turkey, Italy, Caucasia, etc., con- 

 cludes that only the Jews of the Orient and in Southern Europe 

 (Balkan states, Spain, Italy, Algiers, Morocco, Tunis, etc.), are 

 of Semitic origin, with only a slight intermixture of other racial 

 elements. The Jews in western Europe are possessed of all the 

 morphological evidences of a strong mixture of Semitic blood 

 with the indigenous populations of these countries. But the 

 Jews in Russia are not Semites at all, because physically they 

 have nothing in common with the latter, and actually belong to 

 an entirely different race.^ Many others have spoken of the 

 Jews in a similar manner. Lagneau, for instance, denies that 

 there are any Jews of pure race in any part of the world. The 

 German, Polish and Russian Jews are a mixture of Teutons, Sla- 

 vonians and Cossacks. The Jews on the north coast of the 

 Mediterranean are mostly proselytes to Judaism of Hellenic and 

 Latin origin ; and the Jews in North Africa are the result of the 

 intermixture of the Jews who originally resided here in antiquity 

 in Egypt and Carthaginia with the local tribes of Berbers, Kopts 

 and Phoenicians, later also with the Greek and Roman elements, 

 finally during the middle ages with the Arabians.^ Weissen- 

 berg also, after an investigation of the physical characteristics of 

 the Jews in South Russia, denies the prevailing idea that there 

 is a unity of the Jewish type. He distinguishes the *' fine," the 



^ Franz Maurer, " Mittheilungen aus Bosnien, Das Ausland, 1869, p. 1163. 



2 K. N. Ikof, " Neue Beitrage zur Anthropologic der Juden," Ai-chiv fiir An- 

 thropologie, XV, 1884, pp. 369-389. 



'G. Lagneau, " Sur la race juive et sa pathologie," Bull, de la societe d^ anthro- 

 pologie de Paris, 1 89 1. 



