ANTHROPOLOGY OF EASTERN EUROPEAN JEWS 167 



interfered, and the measurements had to be discontinued. Most 

 of the other anthropological researches of Jews in eastern Europe 

 were obtained by physicians, in the regular course of their prac- 

 tice among these people, or in hospitals. Very little success 

 can be expected from trying to induce these people to submit 

 to measurements for scientific purposes. 



New York City is the best place in the world to obtain an- 

 thropometrical measurements of Jews. Of the 600,000 Jews 

 or more living here, more than three quarters have arrived to 

 the United States within the last thirty years from the various 

 European countries, also from Asia and even Africa. The vast 

 majority are natives, or the descendants of Jews from Russia, 

 Poland, Austria, Hungary, Roumania and other parts of eastern 

 Europe ; some have come from Syria, Palestine, and even from 

 Algiers, Tunis and Morocco. The material for investigation is 

 consequently the most heterogeneous, and can not be found to 

 such an extent in any other city or even country. By using 

 ordinary tact I succeeded to obtain measurements of over 2,000 

 individuals of both sexes, and all over twenty years of age. 

 Over one half of these were applicants for relief in the United 

 Hebrew Charities in this city. They offered no serious objec- 

 tions to the procedure, believing that the measurements are a 

 means of discovering the nature of their ailment, or their physical 

 ability to work. Only the native Jews objected seriously, sus- 

 pecting that these measurements are the **Bertillon system," and 

 denying guilt of any crime, they usually refused to submit. It is 

 to be regretted that mainly for this reason I succeeded to obtain 

 measurements of only 1 24 Jews natives of the United States. 



The following data were obtained for each individual : (i) 

 Age ; (2) sex ; (3) nativity, country and province ; (4) how 

 long in the United States, if foreign born ; (5) occupation ; (6) 

 color of — (^a) the hair, (d) the eyes, (c) beard, (d) variety of 

 the hair ; (7) stature ; (8) girth of the chest, during quiet 

 respiration ; (9) longest diameter of the head ; (9) width of the 

 head; (10) cephahc index; (11) circumference of the head; 

 (12) height of the nose; (13) width of the nose; (14) nasal 

 index; (15) height of the face; (16) width of the face; (17) 

 facial index. 



