ANTHROPOLOGY OF EASTERN EUROPEAN JEWS 



191 



hand, those who are by nature weakly, and coincidently often 

 deficient in stature, are compelled to make shift with some pur- 

 suit for which they are fitted. Thus workers in iron, porters, 

 firemen, policemen, are taller as a class than the average, because 

 they are of necessity recruited from the more robust portion of 

 the population. In marked contrast to them, tailors, shoe- 

 makers and weavers, in an occupation which entails sliglit de- 

 mands upon the physical powers, and which is open to all, how- 

 ever weakly they may be, are appreciably shorter than the 

 average." The second cause is the result of the effects of the 

 habits of life or of the nature of the employment. The condi- 

 tions in the sweatshops act adversely on the physique of the 

 younger tailors. Add to this the cramped position in which 

 they work, the long hours, the unsanitary surroundings, etc., and 

 you find all the conditions tending to physical degeneracy.* 



Table IX. 

 Stature and Occupation. 



Occupation. 



Number 

 Observed. 



Average 

 Stature 

 (cm.). 



Short 

 Stature. 



Stature 

 below the 

 Average. 



Stature 

 above the 

 Average. 



Tall 

 Stature. 



Indoor. 











Tailors. 

 Cobblers. 

 Fact'y workers. 



79 

 269 



161. 3 

 160.4 

 162.2 



32.79% 



37.98 



26.39 



30.98 



33-33% 

 26.58 



27.89 



22.05% 



27.80 



30.11 



11.85% 



11.83 



15.61 



Total indoor. 



720 , 



162.0 



30.58 



25.69 



12.17 



Outdoor. 















Carpenters. 

 Iron-workers. 

 Masons. 

 House painters. 

 Laborers. 



89 

 68 



44 

 58 

 85 



164.9 

 166.3 

 167.9 



167.5 

 166.8 



19. 10 

 20.59 

 15-92 

 15.52 

 29.41 



20.93 



31.46 

 26.47 

 31.83 

 25.86 



22.35 



28.09 



27.94 

 28.09 



31.03 

 29.41 



28.78 



21.35 

 25.00 



21.35 

 27.59 

 18.83 



Total outdoor. 



344 



166.4 



27.32 



22.97 



Mercantile. 















Merchants. 



Clerks. 



Peddlers. 



163 

 105 

 130 



168.7 

 169.2 

 164.3 



169.6 



16.56 

 11.42 

 18.47 



27.61 

 35.21 

 37.69 



22.73 



31.90 

 26.67 

 26.15 



33.33 



28.83 

 26.67 

 17.69 



Professional. 



66 



9.04 



34.85 



In order to determine whether the peculiar occupations of the 

 Jews had any effect on their average stature, I have classified 



1 W. Z. Ripley, " Races of Europe," pp. 89-93. 



