ANTHROPOLOGY OF EASTERN EUROPEAN JEWS 195 



quite freely open air recreations, games, bicycle riding, etc.. all 

 of which is conducive to healthy growth and development of the 

 body. 



The superior stature of the native American Jews is thus seen 

 to be a result of superior social conditions and environment. 



Stature of Women. 



The average stature of 435 women examined by the present 

 writer is 153.5 cm (5 feet, 0.4 inch.) They are thus 11 cm- 

 shorter than the men. The ratio of stature of men and women 

 is I to 0.931 or as 16 to 14.88, which is exactly the ratio of 

 adult men and women in England. ^ The absolute difference in 

 stature between men and women is about the same as generally 

 observed in other races, as can be seen from Deniker's study of 

 35 series of measurements of women, that in 20 cases out of 35, 

 i. c, almost two thirds, the difference in height between the two 

 sexes in any given population hardly varies more than from 7 

 to 13 cm. (3 to 5 inches) ; 14 times out of 35 it only varies from 

 II to 12 cm., so that the figure of 12 cm. may be accepted as 

 the average. " From investigations of Professor Franz Boas 

 among American Indians, it is to be seen that among the taller 

 American races the stature of women is 92 percent of that of 

 the men, while among the shorter races the percentage reaches 



The tallest Jewess examined was 170.3 cm., being 16.8 cm. 

 or 10.94 percent larger than the average. The shortest was 

 133.4 cm., 20.1 cm., or 13.99 percent shorter than the average. 

 In general the extreme variation extended over 36.9 cm., or 24 

 percent of the average. All these values are much smaller than 

 those presented by the men, thus showing a much smaller range 

 of variability of stature of the women. The standard deviation 

 was found to be 6.20, which is practically the same as that for 



1 There the stature of men is 170 cm. and of women 160 cm., the ratio is thus as 

 16 to 14.88. See Report of the Anthropometric Committee, of the British Associa- 

 tion, 1883. 



2 J. Deniker, "The Races of Men," London, 1900, p. 2)2)- 



3 Franz Boas, " Zur Anthropologic der nordamerikanischen Indianer," Verhand- 

 ung. d. Berliner Anthropologischeii Ges., 1895, pp. 74, 75. 



