>- A. A. Ivanovski. 



ANTHROPOLOGY OF EASTERN EUROPEAN JEWS 209 



tends only over four mm., and the apices rise only a little ov^er 

 one percent. Chance variation, individual error of observation 

 may easily produce this variation. Two thirds of all the indi- 

 viduals observed, had heads between 183 and 194 mm. long, 

 which clearly points to single type of head, and not two types. 

 On the other hand all these facts do not justify us in assuming 

 that this is conclusive proof that the Jews are a pure race, free 

 from any intermixture of foreign blood. The races among whom 

 the Jews have lived for centuries in Eastern Europe, and with 

 whom they might have intermarried, if at all, show the same 

 characteristic, and have nearly the same average length of the 

 head, as can be seen from the following figures •} 



Average 

 Length of Head. Authority. 



1,056 Great Russians 185 mm. "^ 



602 \Yhite-Russians 188 



611 Little-Russians 184 



540 Poles in Russia 186 



1,088 Poles in Galicia 180.5 Majer and Kopernicki. 



871 Galician Ruthenians 182.3 " ** 



180 Roumanians 185.76 Pittard. 



130 Lithuanians 187 Ivanovski. 



The length of the head of these races is seen from these fig- 

 ures to be between 180 and 188 mm. If the usual discrep- 

 ancies which often occur between the different series of meas- 

 urements of ev^en a single and homogeneous race are eliminated, 

 we find that the length of the head of the Slav races is about 

 183 to 187 mm. When we now investigate the anthropological 

 literature of the Jews in Europe we find a remarkable similarity 

 of conditions. As can be seen from the following figures the 

 length of the head of the Jews in Eastern Europe also oscil-- 

 ates around these values. 



1 These figures are taken from the following works: A. A. Ivanowski '* Ori 

 the Anthropological Composition of the Races of Russia," Alejuoirs of the Society 

 of Friends of N'atuj-al Science, Anthropology ajid Ethnography, Vol. XXII, 1894 

 (in Russian) ; Majer and Kopernicki, " Charakterystyka fizyczna ludnosci galicyj- 

 skiej," Zbior viadoviosei do antropologii krajoxvej, Vol. I, Krakow, 1877; Eugene 

 Pittard, "Anthropologic de la Roumaina," V anthropologic, Vol. XVI No. I 

 1903, pp. 33-58. 



