ANTHROPOLOGY OF EASTERN EUROPEAN JEWS 



215 



phalic index of 65.66. He presented many signs of rickets in 

 early life. Excluding this individual, we find that the extreme 

 individual variation extends over 39 mm. (135 the maximum, 

 and 174 the minimum), or 25.32 of the average, which is also 

 larger than that found for the length of the head. This tends 

 to indicate that the width of the head is not as stable a trait as 

 is sometimes considered, and that its length is more valuable as 

 a measure of somatic characteristic. The standard deviation 

 was 5.482, and the probable error 0.9443. 



The seriation of the width of the head is given in the accom- 

 panying Table XX, and in diagram 15, a curve is drawn from 

 these figures. This curve appears smooth, pointing at 1 54 mm., 

 which corre.sponds to the general average width. Over 80 per- 

 cent of all observations have had heads from 147 to 160 mm. 

 wide, a variation of only 1 3 mm. 



Table XX. 





Width of the H 



EAD OF 1,528 



Jews. 





Width of the 



Number. 



Percent. 



i Width of the 



Number. 



Percent. 



Head (in mm.). 



I 





Head (in mm.). 



! 153-154 



234 





129-130 



0.07 



1532 



I3I-I32 



— 



1 



155-156 



231 



15.12 



133-134 



— 



1 



157-158 



192 



12.56 



135-136 



I 



0.07 



159-160 



131 



8.57 



137-138 



3 



0.21 



161-162 



65 



4-25 



139-140 



8 



0.52 1 



163-164 



55 



3.60 



I4I-I42 



16 



1.04 



165-166 



28 



1.83 



143-144 



33 



2. 16 



167-168 



4 



0.26 



145-146 



64 



4.19 



169-170 



2 



0.13 



147-148 



96 



6.28 



171-172 



2 



0.13 



149-150 



155 

 205 



10.14 

 I34I 



173-174 



2 



0.13 



15I-I52 



Total. 



1,528 



99-99 



Taller men have relatively narrower heads than shorter men, 

 as can be seen from the following table : 



Stature. 



Number 

 Observed. 



Width of 

 Head. 



Percent of 

 Stature. 



Calculated 



Width of 



Head 



Difference. 



Short 



356 

 460 

 420 

 292 



153 

 154 

 154 

 156 



154 



9.80 

 9.37 



9 37 

 8.99 



146 



152 



156 

 162 



+7 

 +2 

 — 2 

 —6 



Below the average 



Above the average 



Tall 





1,528 



9-37 



— 



— 



