220 FISHBERG 



head 148 mm., while in Warsaw this measurement was found 

 only 146 mm. (Elkind) ; the Lithuanian and White-Russian 

 Jewesses in New York had an average width of the head of 149 

 mm. and in their native country Yakowenko has found this 

 measurement to amount to 144 mm. ; and in Little-Russia the 

 average was 145 mm. (Talko-Hryncewicz) as against 148 mm. 

 of immigrant Jewesses from that country. 



Compared with the non-Jewish women in these countries in 

 eastern Europe it is seen that there is practically no difference 

 between the two. The Gentile women measure as follows : 

 White-Russian 145 mm. (Talko-Hryncewicz), Little-Russian 

 148 mm., Polish 146 mm. (Elkind), Letto -Lithuanian 145 mm., 

 Ruthenians 147 mm (Majer and Kopernicki). It is thus setn 

 to be quite uniform, and this characteristic is shared by the 

 Jewesses. 



The Cephalic Index. 



The average cephalic index was obtained by multiplying the 

 average width of the head by 100, and dividing the product by 

 the average length, thus : 



100 X — - =81.91 = Cephalic index. 

 1 88 



The minimum was 65.66, and the maximum 94.76, showing 

 an extreme individual variation of 29 units, or 35 percent, of the 

 average index. Excluding the individual with an index of 65.66 

 as pathological, there still remains a range of extreme variation 

 of 24 units, or 29 percent of the average. It will also be ob- 

 served that the deviation from the average was much larger 

 toward the minimum — 20.73 percent of the average (65-82), 

 while the maximum was only 14.63 percent distant from the 

 average. This tends to indicate a greater tendency to dolicho- 

 cephaly. 



The standard deviation was 3.176, and the probable error 

 0.05477, much smaller than that found in the case of stature 

 and the length and width of the head. Between =b of the stan- 

 dard deviation, z. e., between the cephalic index of 78 and 85, 

 were 1,243 individuals — 81.34 percent of all observations were 



