ANTHROPOLOGY OF EASTERN EUROPEAN JEWS 223 



4 persons (0.26 percent) with an index of 73, and then the curv^e 

 begins to rise steadily till the index of 81 is reached. At this 

 point the number observed persons is over 1 3 percent. The 

 curve now begins to descend steadily, with a slight rise at 88 

 which is of no special significance — it may be attributed to 

 chance variation. 



This curve apparently proving uniformity of the cranial type 

 of the Jews of eastern Europe, appears rather striking and 

 peculiar. Appearing as it does, together with a wide range of 

 extreme individual variation. In order to test our own results 

 we have decided to compare this material with that of other in- 

 vestigators. We have for this purpose obtained measurements 

 of 1,113 Jews from the literature on the anthropology of these 

 people in eastern Europe. Only such statistics were taken as were 

 reported in a form suitable for comparison with our own figures. 

 Such were found in the works of Yakowenko (139 Lithuanian 

 Jews), Elkind (200 Polish Jews). Talko-Hryncewicz (507 Jews 

 in Lithuania and Little- Russia), Weissenberg (100 South-Rus- 

 sian Jews), Stieda (pj Jews in Minsk-Russia), and Blechman 

 (100 Jews in Russia). Classifying these figures as we did our 

 own we find : 



Cranial Type. | . Jews Jews 



I in Europe. in U. S. 



Both Series 

 Combined. 



Hyperdolichocephalic 1.78% 2.89% 



Dolichocephalic 4-76 7-36 



Subdolichocephalic 12.58 I5-5I 



Mesocephalic 22.73 25.78 



Subbrachycephalic 25.42 24.01 



Brachycephalic 18.69 '5-97 



Hyperbrachycephalic I4-03 8.47 



2.42% 

 6.24 



14-23 

 24.50 

 24.61 

 17.19 

 10.81 



From these figures it is seen again that fifty percent of all 

 observations lie within the limits of four units, in each of the 

 three series, and eighty percent within the limits of eight units. 

 The sedation of these measurements as was done in Table XXV 

 is yet more striking. In both series the curve is quite smooth, 

 the slight indentations can be explained as caused by errors of 

 observation and calculation, and are always expected to occur, 

 no matter how careful the observer may be. The indentation at 



