ANTHROPOLOGY OF EASTERN EUROPEAN JEWS 237 



that the curve for the cephalic index has two apices, one at the 

 index of 82, and the other at 84/ Yakowenko's measurements 

 of Jewesses in White- Russia also show a double apex in the 

 curve for the cephalic index, one culminating at 77 and the 

 other at 81.^ In Talko-Hryncewicz's series of 206 Jewesses in 

 Little-Russia there are ev^en seen three apices in the curve for 

 the cephalic index, at 80, 82 and 85.^ The irregularity in the 

 curves of the headform of the Jewesses is very remarkable from 

 a biological standpoint. Throughout the animal kingdom the 

 males are always known to show wider limits of variation in 

 mental and physical character than do the females. Darwin * 

 has brought together many examples to this effect, both in man 

 and the lower animals ; and Havelock Ellis ^ also shows that 

 there is a greater tendency in man to diverge from the type 

 than in woman. With the Jews, however, the reverse is the 

 rule, so far as the headform is concerned, seems to apply, since 

 it is the women who show the greater variability and differ- 

 entiation. 



In order to test this point we collected the measurements 

 reported in the works of the following authors, and constructed 

 a curve. From Weissenberg'' 50 Jewesses in southern Russia ; 

 125 Polish Jewesses from Elkind's work'' ; 206 Jewesses in 

 Little Russia by Talko-Hryncewicz^ ; lOO women from Yako- 

 wenko's work,^ all these were added to the 435 Jewesses here 

 recorded, and thus a total of 916 women was obtained, a num- 

 ber which may be relied upon to give definite results. In Table 

 XXXI and diagram 9 are given the seriation and the curve 



1 A. D. Elkind, " The Jews," Memoirs 0/ ^/le Soc. of Friends of Natural Science- 

 Anthropol. and Ethnography, Moscow, 1902, p. 132 (in Russian). 



^M. G. Yakowenko, "Materials for the Anthropology of the Jews," St. Peters, 

 burg, 1898, p. 185 (in Russian). 



3 J. Talko-Hryncewicz, " Charakterystyka fizyczna ludnosci zydowskiej,' Zbior 

 wiadofnosci do atitropol. kraj., Krakow, XVI, 1892, p. 45. 



*" Descent of Man," Chap. VII: "Variation of Animals and Plants under 

 Domestication," Vol. II, chap. XIV. 



5 " Man and Woman," London, 1893, chap. XVI. 



^ " Die siidrussischen Juden," Archiv f. Anthropol., XXIII. 



"^ Loc. cit. 



^ Loc. cit. 



^ Loc. cit. 



