CHAPTER VI. 



The Nose. 



The measurements, shape and form of the nose have been 

 considered by anthropologists to be more or less fixed in the 

 various races of mankind, and are consequently a valuable test 

 of race. " Few physical characters yield more uniform results 

 than does the nose .... A careful study of this organ shows 

 almost better than any other the coordination of parts in the 

 facial features generally." ^ Of the various measurements and 

 characteristics suggested by Topinard as of value in the study 

 of this organ, ^ I have only taken measurements of the height 

 and width of the nose, calculated the nasal index in 1,510 Jews 

 and in 423 Jewesses, and taken notes of the shape and form in 

 2,836 Jews and 3,284 Jewesses. Measurements of the upper 

 width of the nose (the distance between the inner angles of the 

 eyes), the projection, extreme length, etc., could not be obtained 

 in sufficient number, because of the objections on the part of the 

 majority of the individuals measured to excessive manipulation 

 on my part around their nose. 



Height of the Nose. 



The average height of the nose, measured from the root to 

 the subnasal spine, was found to be in 1,510 Jews, 52 mm., and 

 in 423 Jewesses, 47 mm. The maximum in the Jews was 66 

 mm. and in the Jewesses 58 mm. The minimum height, in 

 Jews, 40 mm., and in Jewesses, 39 mm. The range of extreme 

 individual variation is thus seen to be very large, 50 percent of 

 the average height in men and 40.42 percent in women. In the 

 case of the stature of the Jews, which is a very fluctuating char- 

 acter, this was only 31.61 percent of the average value, and in 

 the length and width of the head it was even smaller. 



1 A. H. Keane, "Ethnology," Cambridge, 1901, p. 185. 



2 P. Tepinard, " Elements d'anthropologie generale," pp. 301-307 ; also A. 

 Bertillon, "Morphologic du Nez," J^ev. d'' Anthropologie, 3d series, Vol. II, 1887. 



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