258 FISHBERG 



ularly of that part where the root of the nose joins the forehead, 

 which is represented in the productions of the masters as almost 

 straight with ahiiost no depression at all. The straight noses 

 observed in the modern population of Europe show a more or 

 less deep indentation at the root, while the dorsum is more or 

 less straight. 



The "retrousse," concave or ''snub" (known popularly as 

 the saucy nose) noses were observ^ed in 22 percent of the Jews 

 and in 13 percent of the Jewesses. This variety of nose is 

 usually short and comparatively broad ; when looked at in 

 profile the dorsum is seen to be short and but little elevated, 

 while the nostrils are often directed upwards on both sides. 

 The root is generally broad, low, and the dorsum is concave. 

 This concavity may be of various degrees. It appears that 

 Galician Jewesses very frequently have this form of nose. This 

 variety of nose is very frequent in the Slavic races, particularly 

 in the Ukraine among the Little-Russians, and in Galicia among 

 the Ruthenian peasantry. It is a striking fact that these noses 

 are also most often encountered among the Jews coming from 

 these localities. 



The proportions of hooked noses among the Jews in New 

 York was found to be 14 percent in the men and 12 percent 

 in the women, which contradict flatly the prevailing popular 

 opinion that ev^ery Jew is the possessor of a hook nose. This 

 fact is also confirmed by statistics given in the works of 

 other investigators. Thus, Majer and Kopernicki found among 

 the Galician Jews 30.9 percent of hook noses ; Blechman in 

 Russia only 2 percent; Weissenberg in South Russia only 14 

 percent ; in Poland Elkind reports only i o percent in Jews and 

 4 percent in Jewesses ; Yakowenko in White-Russia found only 

 9.79 percent, and Talko-Hryncewicz found among the Jews of 

 the Ukraine 26.3 percent of hook noses in the men, and among 

 the women only 18.9 percent ; while among the Lithuanian Jews 

 the proportion was only 21.7 percent. We thus see that the 

 proportion of hook noses among the Jews fluctuates between 2 

 and 30 percent, by far not as universal as caricaturists would 

 lead one to believe. It is remarkable that hook noses are not 



