ANTHROPOLOGY OF EASTERN EUROPEAN JEWS 271 



Europe show even a smaller percentage of their racial type 

 combination, we are not surprised. In Germany, among 6,000- 

 000 school children only 31.80 percent had both blond hair 

 and blue eyes, while of the 75,377 Jewish children 42 percent 

 were of the pure brunette type.^ In Austria Schimmer has 

 found that of the non-Jewish children 19.79 percent were of 

 pure blond type, and 23.17 percent of the brunette type, while 

 Jewish school children showed a percentage of from 32 to 47 

 of pure brunettes according to the province, and from 8 to 14 

 percent of pure blonds.^ That the Jews have apparently not 

 preserved themselves free from intermixture can be seen from 

 the number of mixed types found among them. 37 percent 

 of Jews and 33 percent of Jewesses had dark hair with light 

 eyes, or the reverse; Weissenberg^ found 27.9 percent of mixed 

 types; Yakowenko * observed 67.31 percent and Majer and 

 Kopernicki, 61 percent.^ Talko-Hryncewicz,*" records even 

 74.3 percent of mixed types among 869 Jews in Little-Russia, 

 and in Poland there were 41.53 percent according to Elkind.'' 

 In addition, the great number of individuals with blond and 

 light chestnut hair, irrespective of their association with light or 

 dark eyes, which reached 13. 11 percent in men and even 15.21 

 percent in women in New York City, also indicate foreign inter- 

 mixture, and the same can be seen from the number of blue and 

 gray eyes, amounting to 44.95 percent in Jews and 38.45 per- 

 cent in Jewesses. All this again points to racial intermixture. 

 That we can get no clue as to the origin of these mixed types 

 by a consideration of the color of the hair and eyes of the Jews 

 in different countries we have already seen. The Jews are not 



' Virchow, " Gesamtbericht, iiber die Farbe der Haut, der Haare, und der 

 Augen," etc., Archiv filr Anthropologie, XVI, p. 298. 



^ G. A. Schimmer, '* Erhebungen iiber die Farbe der Augen, der Haare und der 

 Haut bei den Schulkindern Oestreichs," Mittheilnngen der Anthropologischen Ge- 

 sellschaft in Wien, Suppl., 1 884. 



8 Loc. ciL, p. 107. 



* Loc. cit., p. 45. 



5 Majer and Kopernicki, '' Charakterystyka, fizyczna ludnosci galicyjskiej," 

 Zbior Wiadoniosci do antropologii Krajowejj Vol. I, p. Ill, Krakow, 1877. 



6 Loc. cit., p. 45. 

 "' Loc. cit., p. 39. 



