ANTHROPOLOGY OF EASTERN EUROPEAN JEWS 277 



the table that 25.38 percent of Jews had fair-colored beards, 

 nearly double the proportion of those with fair heads. 



We have distinguished four varieties of hair; (i) Smooth 

 {SchlicJit in German, droit in French) ; (2) Wavy {ivcllig in Ger- 

 man, onde in French) ; (3) Frizzly {lockig in German, frise in 

 French) ; (4) Wooly [Kraus in German, crepu in French). 

 Observations on 867 men showed the following distribution in 

 the varieties of hair : 



Smooth hair 582 = 66.97 percent. 



Wavy hair 223 = 25.66 percent. 



Frizzly hair 55 = 6.33 percent. 



Wooly hair 9= 1.04 percent. 



Weissenberg found S^ percent of smooth, 14 percent of wavy, 

 and 2 percent of frizzly hair. From our own figures it is seen 

 that 93 percent of the hair of Jews is either smooth or wavy, 

 and that frizzly hair is rare (6.33 percent). Weissenberg^ found 

 only two curly-haired Jews among 100, and Major and Koper- 

 nicki^ found only one curly-haired individual in 118, or 0.84 

 percent. Yakowenko^ found four percent with curly hair, and 

 Glueck among the Spagnuoli states that he observed as much as 

 47.1 percent of curly and frizzly hair.^ In Weisbach's study of 

 the Jews of the Balkan peninsula, there are recorded 10 in 19 

 as having curly hair.^ These last are of course rather a too 

 high percentage, not borne out by any other investigation, and 

 the only way in which it can be explained is that it is .due to 

 chance, owing to the small number of individuals observed (55 

 by Glueck, and 19 by Weisbach), or to judging the variety by 

 the appearance of the beard which is very frequently frizzly, 

 in Jews ; indeed the rufous beards are almost always frizzly 

 and the black are often of the same character. We have 

 emphasized this characteristic smoothness of the hair in the 



^ Loc. cit., p. 103. 



2 Loc. cit., p. 115. 



3 Loc. cit., p. 153. 



* L. Glueck, '* Beitrage zur physischen Anthropologie der Spaniolen," Wisseii- 

 schaftliche Mittheihaigen atcs Bosnicmaid der Ilcrcegovina, Vol. IV, pp. 587-592. 



5 A. Weisbach, " Korpermessungen Verschiedener Menschenrassen," Zeitschrift 

 fur Ethnologic, Erganzungsband, 1877, pp. 212-225. 



