RECORDS. 325 



twins fall sharply into two species, those very closely alike and 

 those no more alike than ordinary brothers and sisters. 



Miss Norseworthy's paper was a report of some work done 

 among one hundred and fifty mentally deficient children in two 

 state institutions for the feeble-minded and in two of the special 

 classes organized in the New York schools. The measure- 

 ments taken were physical, such as height, height and tempera- 

 ture, tests of maturity, as perception of weight and of form, tests of 

 memory and tests of intelligence or the ability to deal with ab- 

 stract ideas. The main conclusion reached was that the difference 

 between idiots and people in general is less than has been com- 

 monly supposed, and is a matter of degree rather than of kind. 



Dr. Woodworth presented a modification of Hering's binoc- 

 ular demonstration of the ** physiological " origin of simultaneous 

 contrast. If monocular fields of different colors, with a gray 

 spot on each, be combined by the stereoscope, each gray retains 

 the contrast color suitable to its own field, however the con- 

 scious background may vary as the result of fusion or rivalry 

 of the two fields. The demonstration is readily extended to 

 cover brightness contrast, by placing gray spots on white and 

 black fields which are combined as before. To show that these 

 effects are not the result of a binocular mixture of the gray 

 with the opposite field, a number of gray spots may be scattered 

 over one field, and the other field made particolored ; the gray 

 spots appear all alike, or nearly so, though binocular mixture 

 would have made them differ. 



Professor Cattell gave an exhibition of some new apparatus 

 and methods as follows : 



I. Kymographs were exhibited in which typewriting ribbons 

 were applied to secure the records. Electro-magnetically moved 

 points strike the paper tape, whose rate of movement may be 

 adjusted, and a record is left by the slowly moving typewriter rib- 

 bon. Two forms were exhibited, in one of which the kymograph 

 was driven by an electric motor and in the other by clock-work. 

 In the latter the clock-work could be started and stopped by 

 an electric current by an observer in another room. The kymo- 

 graphs, while not especially suited for drawing curves, are much 



