245 



grounds, recently, many of these Finniss stones had to be re- 

 placed, on account of this excessive weathering. 



The same sandstone can be studied outside the immediate 

 valley of the Finniss. In the banks of Giles Creek (Section 

 2033, Kondoparinga) an outcrop can be recognized from the 

 public road showing strong features. A little to the north 

 of the last locality, at the bend of the road, and also at points 

 higher up Giles Creek, the stone has been quarried for road 

 metal. At the south end of Mount Observation, on 

 the north side of the Black Swamp Road (Section 167, Nang- 

 kita), another quarry has been worked. The stone for build- 

 ing the culvert on the south side of Gilberts railway station 

 was got from the banks of the stream spanned by the bridge, 

 and the old quarry is now utilized as a waterhole (Section 

 173, Nangkita). 



A bore put down on Mr. A. E. Henley's land, in the 

 south-westerly corner of Section 2057 (Kondoparinga), and 

 situated about a mile north of Queen's Own Town, within the 

 limits of the glacial area, penetrated sand, sandstone, and blue 

 clay, in which latter the bore was discontinued at a depth of 

 175 ft. 



Undisturbed glacial deposits could not be definitely deter- 

 mined on the eastern side of the railway line. As the River 

 Finniss nears its estuary in the labyrinth of waters of the 

 lower River Murray, the glacial beds give place to more recent 

 deposits which are evidently, in many instances, built up by 

 the waste and redeposition of the material gathered from the 

 vast glacial basins drained by the river and its tributaries. 

 Thick deposits of river gravel occur both above and below the 

 railway bridge, as well as in the cuttings on the railway. 



Older Tertiary Outlier. — A remarkable and very re- 

 stricted outlier of glauconitic clay, of Lower Tertiary age, 

 occurs in the river-bed under the railway bridge that 

 spans the Finniss, and in which the foundations of 

 the bridge have been laid. The bed is highly fos- 

 siliferous, and can be detected for only a short dis- 

 tance, and for the most part below the water-level. The rock 

 is such as occurs in the older Tertiaries of Gulf St. Vincent 

 and some portions of the Murray Flats, but its occurrence at 

 the Finniss was quite unsuspected until pointed out to me by 

 Mr. Henley. It is not known in any other part of the dis- 

 trict, nor has it been met with in the well - sinkings of the 

 neighbourhood. It appears to be a small patch, resting un- 

 conformably on the glacial beds, and an outlier of the older 

 Tertiary of the Murray Plains. 



