230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [DeC. 13, 



parallel to the great band of cretaceous rocks, nummulite and flysch 

 before described, to which the strata of the nagelflue and molasse are 

 entirely unconformable. Nor does this line of dislocation cease at 

 the eastern end of Switzerland. It continues, as before stated, in 

 the same direction, from near Bregeuz to Immenstadt in Bavaria, 

 where it affects the huge tertiary masses, often vertical and some- 

 times dipping both to the north and south, in which Professor 

 Sedgwick and myself have described several transverse sections be- 

 tween Bregenz on the south-west, and the subalpine ridges south of 

 Munich on the E.N.E., in which micaceous sandstones with marls, 

 shales, conglomerates and courses of lignite occur, as in Switzerland. 

 In some Bavarian strata of this age we found freshwater shells, i. e. 

 Cyclades and Potamides, mingled with marine forms * . On the whole, 

 however, we detected so very few fossils in these vast accumulations, 

 that, simply connecting these rocks with the molasse and nagelflue of 

 Switzerland, we then said that whatever conclusions Professor Studer 

 or other geologists might establish, by help of fossils, respecting the 

 Swiss formations, might be extended to a portion of the newer Bava- 

 rian deposits. Now, in what is called the lower group, particularly 

 as seen in the canton of St. Gallen and along the axial hue above 

 cited, no trace having been found of anything organic except lignite 

 with terrestrial plants, and land or fluviatile shells with bones of 

 extmct land quadrupeds, M. Escher justly considers it to be a fresh- 

 water formation. 



Whatever may be the dimensions of the lower (freshwater and 

 estuary) member of this series, it is overlaid by molasse, sandstone 

 and marls of considerable thickness, which contain a great variety 

 of marine species f. I submit a collection to the Society which I 

 obtained from Professor Deicke at St. Gallen, near which place they 

 abound. In examining the strata there, in company with that 

 gentleman and Professor Brunner, I perceived that the shells chiefly 

 occurred in beds of sandy, micaceous blue marls, which alternate 

 with sandstones, and are intercalated with large accumulations of 

 pebbly conglomerates. The following may be enumerated as among 

 the characteristic fossils which occur at St. Gallen, but more complete 

 lists must hereafter be given ; viz. Solen vagina, Linn. ; Panopcea 

 Faujasi, Menard ; Cardium multicostatiim, Broc. ; Ve?ierupis eremita 

 {Venus, Broc); Venericardia JouanettiX, Desh. ; Pinna nohilis, 

 Broc. ; Pecten scabrellus, Broc. ; P. latissimus, Broc. ; Conus tiir- 

 ricula (Broc), with other species of that genus ; Turrit ella terebra, 

 Broc, ; T. vermicularis ; Pyrula reticulata, Lamk. ; Natica canrena 

 (Nerita, Broc) ; Phorus agglutinans, Lamk., as well as species of the 

 genera Pholas, Venus, Cardium, Dentalium, Serpula, Balanus, &c.X 



The sections of St. Gallen (as pointed out to me by Professor 



* These beds are described in Geol. Trans. 2nd Ser. vol. iii. pp. 326, 329, 370. 



f For the general relations of these freshwater and marine strata of the molasse 

 see the woodcut, fig. 14, p. 200. 



X Whether these St. Gallen fossils be called older pliocene or younger miocene 

 is immaterial to me, as I only seek to show that among them are numerous exist- 

 ing marine species. (See subsequent observations.) 



