370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [April 4, 



which overhangs the classic site of Pessinus. This ridge consists of 

 green and yellow micaceous or talcose schists, with an almost vertical 

 stratification and interstratified with crystalline limestone ; in the 

 shale are also fomid veins and nodules of quartz. 



2. The U2)per Secondaiy . — The rocks which I refer to the scaglia, 

 or equivalents of the chalk of the south of Europe, are less crystalline 

 than the former. The limestones are associated with beds of a soft, 

 yellow, marly character, and occasionally contain a few nodules of 

 coarse flint of a darkish colour, and in some instances I detected on 

 the surfaces, impressions of branching fucoidal stems. They appear 

 along the coast of the Black Sea, to the south and south-east of 

 Sinope (see fig. 3), dipping to the N.E. at an angle of 45° or 50° ; 

 also between the hot baths of Cauvsa and Ladik, and in the neigh- 

 bourhood of Zilleh and of Amasia, in the mountainous district be- 

 tween these two cities. 



To the westward of Amasia, towards Tchorum, the same rocks 

 occur in various places in an almost vertical position, penetrated by 

 trappean or igneous rocks, forming the mass of the hilly country 

 and mountain chains to Tekia and Tchorum. West of Tekia the 

 hills consist of blue argillaceous shale, very much contorted and 

 penetrated by veins of crystallized carbonate of lime. Between Tcho- 

 rum and Yeuzgatt are two mountain ranges, the northernmost of 

 which consists of this same compact grey limestone and schistose 

 rocks. In some places the rocks have assumed the appearance of 

 red jasper, particularly near the centre of the ridge, probably the 

 effect of metamorphic action occasioned by the many outbursts of 

 igneous rocks which occur in the neighbourhood. The southern 

 chain also consists, in a great measure, of the same formation, and is 

 still more frequently penetrated and disturbed by igneous rocks. 



In the neighbourhood of Boghaz Kieui, twenty miles north-west of 

 Yeuzgatt, this limestone formation is underlaid by trachytic and por- 

 phyritic rocks, which have been partly forced up through the in- 

 durated shales and jasper and partly underlie them. The limestone 

 rocks have been much broken up, and are thrown about in large 

 masses, giving a singular appearance to the scenery, and serving in 

 some cases as the site of an ancient acropolis. This is probably the 

 most western extension of the secondary limestone in this district ; 

 it is here succeeded on the west by the red sandstone or nummulitic 

 formation. 



About sixteen or twenty miles E.S.E. of Angora, near the village 

 of Baluk-kouyoumji, is an outburst of slightly columnar trachyte, 

 which has elevated and thrown off in every direction a mass of thin- 

 bedded compact scaglia limestone ; this is in part extremely siliceous, 

 and contains both tabular and nodular flint. In some places too the 

 flint occurs regularly stratified and alternating with the limestone, re- 

 sembling the appearance of some of the beds in the island of Corfu. 

 To this same formation I refer the semicrystalline or coarse-grained 

 saccharine limestone which occurs nearer Angora on this same line. 

 It rises in a low round boss above the surface of the undulating plain, 

 and proved on examination to contain several species of marine hi- 



