1849.] HAMILTON ON THE GEOLOGY OF ASIA MINOR. 371 



valves, amongst which the following have been ascertained, and which 

 on the whole confirm me in the opinion that these rocks should be 

 referred to the cretaceous system ; viz. : — 



Terebratula, two species, but hardly enough remains to decide the 

 species ; one of them, being plicated, is decidedly not of the eocene or 

 nummulitic period, in which such a form does not occur. 



Pecten, two species, one of them finely ribbed, and resembling Lima 

 in general form. 



2. Tertiary Rocks. 



The beds belonging to this formation may, for the present at least, 

 be classed in the following manner : — 



1 . Nummulitic limestone and red sandstone (eocene ?) . 



2. Basins of rock-salt, blue marl and gypsum (miocene?). 



3. Marine or brackish water formation, probably belonging to the 

 Aralo-Caspian system. 



4. White lacustrine limestone with freshwater shells. 



1 . Nummulitic Limestone and Red Sandstone series. 



Sir R. Murchison's paper on the Alps and Apennines lately read 

 before the Society*, in which he has shown that the nummulitic 

 beds are the lowest group of the eocene formation, has given me a 

 clue to the geology of this part of Asia Minor. It is not impro- 

 bable that as the red and yellow sandstones are linked on to, and 

 overlie the nummulitic limestones, they stand in precisely the same 

 place as the great overlying flysch of the Alps or upper macigno of 

 Italy, which Sir R. Murchison has classed with the eocene group. 

 With regard to the nummulitic limestone, I only discovered it in one 

 locality in this part of Asia Minor, viz. in the steep and broken gorge 

 of Barsek Dere, a few miles east of Kalaijik (see fig. 4), where the 

 narrow road winds down a steep and rocky glen, between almost per- 

 pendicular or vertical beds of red sandstone, broken up and pene- 

 trated, as I have observed, by numerous igneous rocks. These vertical 

 beds rest against another vertical bed of yellow limestone, which I 

 at first took for a trap dyke, so remarkably did it stand out in relief 

 against the softer and more easily decomposing red and yellow sand- 

 stones. The limestone bed contains, or rather is almost entirely made 

 up of, many nummulites of small size with other organic remains, 

 some of which appear to be bivalve shells. Mr. Morris is of opinion 

 that there are two distinct species of nummulites ; portions of Tere- 

 bratula are also visible. 



This bed is overlaid by beds of red conglomerate and blue shale, 

 and is the lowest, or at least one of the lowest, members of the red 

 sandstone or older tertiary formation. 



Another locality of this formation is indicated by the fossils on the 

 table from the neighbourhood of Beyjayes, thirty miles south-west 

 of Angora. I did not indeed trace them to their parent rock, but col- 

 lected them from the bed of a deep ravine in the white earthy lime- 

 stone ; but judging from the numerous fragments, the parent rock, 

 although concealed, could not be very far distant. 



* Since published in the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. v. p. 157-312. 



