514 



(see pis. xxviii. and xxix.). There is again a space of 10 to 

 20 metres between the village and the gardens (see pi. xxxvi., 

 fig. 2). 



I am unable to say for certain whether the same type 

 of street, formed by two parallel rows of houses, was also 

 typical of the mainland villages at the time when they were 

 still on the tops of the hills, though I was told by the natives 

 that this was the case, and that Gima, the only remaining 

 hill village, which I have not seen, is also built in the same 

 manner. 



The villages of the miainland east of Amazon Bay have all 

 recently moved, and there are no extensive coconut groves near 

 their present sites except near Boreho, Banoro, and Geac/ea, 

 which were in olden days situated quite close to the shore 

 and had their coconuts on the beach (see pi. xxviii., fig. 2). 

 The villages on the islands and the older Mailu settlements 

 in the west lie among coconut plantations. In Mailu village 

 the palm trees overlook the houses on all sides (see pis. 

 xxvii., xxviii., and xxix.). The street and the spaces 

 on the beach and garden side are quite bare, all grass and 

 weeds having been trampled down (see pis. xxix. and xlii., 

 fig. 1). The beach is lumbered with canoes, the large Oro'us 

 forming in Mailu a fine decoration for the sea front (see 

 pis. xxviii. and xxxv., fig. 2). On this side of the village the 

 nets are spread for drying and the canoes to be overhauled 

 are beached above high-water mark. All preparations for 

 sailing and fishing take place also on this side. 



The women occupy themselves either on the beach or on 

 the garden side of the house, making pottery or doing house- 

 hold work. It may be said that as a rul§ the street is kept 

 clear of human encumbrances, being reserved by etiquette for 

 thoroughfare. Dancing takes place in the street, as well as 

 the ceremonial preparation of food (see pis. xxxii., xli., xlii., 

 and xliii.). 



Small children, dogs, and pigs are, of course, exempt 

 from every rule in Papua, and they very often adorn the 

 main street. 



A village consisted in olden days of two kinds of buildings 

 — the family houses and the men's club houses, or Di/hus. 

 Nowadays the latter class has almost completely died out in 

 the Mailu district, though it still flourishes among their 

 eastern neighbours, the Southern Massim. The houses and 

 Dub us were differentiated by their position in the village. 

 The former stand transversally, ranged in two rows, each 

 house with its long axis perpendicular to the line of the street. 

 The Duhus stood in the middle of the street, with their 



