The Verb. 31 



In the above 1, 3, the first letter is in every case the verb 

 object particle, with which we are now familiar ; in 2 these 

 particles are, except the first, compounded (cf. Fi. aka, vaJca, 

 &LC.) of a, fa, sa, ta, ma, Qia and la, and ki It may be 

 remarked that these particles are found occasionally in the 

 Sam. Diet, glued on to the simple verb (as in Mg. and My., 

 and sometimes in Fa.), for instance 'i in tafa/i, fa'i in atofa% 

 a'i in gava/i, ta'i in lapata'i, saJi in leoleosa'i, nafi in taona/i, 

 and 'nut'i in tanumaJi. 



Note. — The Semitic preposition (often used like the above 

 1, 4, 5, 6, as a verb object particle) "from," &c., in Heb. and 

 Ai^b. Qnin, 'ini, Syr. men, Eth. eraa, Sab. rti, h (Halevy 9o) is 

 undoubtedly in Oceanic used as a verb object particle like 

 the above, but it need not be said that it is impossible to 

 distinguish it, so far as its form or sound is concerned, owing 

 to phonetic similarity and corruption from 4 (rii), and 6 (h). 

 It can only be distinguished from them by the sense and the 

 usage. 



§ 10. The Derived Verb Forms. 

 A. The Causative. 



This is formed by a prefixed particle which is really the 

 same in every case, though sometimes apparently difierent, 

 thus : — 



Mg. ' My. Fa. Sam. 



1. ma, man, &ic. ona,onan ha, M M8i.ivha 



a, an w^ang Fi. Mota va 



Ja. a, a.n Lifu, Mare a 



2. mampi, "inaiinpa, ang Aneityum imi 

 ampi, ampa, ampan Ero. OAn'pj 



3. maha, raariipaha ¥ei. haka, faka Sam. /a a 



aha, atnpaha Fi. vaha Ma. tvhaka 



Mota vaga Barat. aka 



The causative particle in all these prefixes is a, which 

 sometimes, but rarely, is weakened to e or i. Thus to take : — 



1. Mg, ma,, man, Fi., Fa., Mota ha, va, Ma. ^vha, and My. 

 "ilia, are all identical. But Mg. m.a is a compound of the 

 participial m, and the causative prefix a ; in the future and 

 past tenses only the a appears, as velona, alive, Qnamelona, 

 make alive, future haifnelona,iAvedl make alive, past 7i«77ie /on (/, 

 made alive. The a alone therefore is the causative prefix. 

 Compare Lifu and Mare a. In Fa. ha, Fi. va, Ma. ivha, the 



