The Verh. 37 



Passive " forms, and in the Amh. IYth form (passive and 

 reflexive." 





c. The Reciprocal Prefix. 





Mg. 



My. Fa. 



Sam 



ifa 



he, har hi, Ji 

 Fi. vei 

 Fagani fed 

 Mota var 



/« 



This combines the causative and the reflexive prefixes, 

 the Mg. being reflexive and causative, the others causative 

 and reflexive ; and in Fi. and Sam., are suffixed also to the 

 verb with this prefix, the transitive particles, e.g., ni in Fi. 

 veilortiani, Sam. fealofani. The causative prefix alone, or 

 aided by these, directs the attention away to a more distant 

 and complicated object, to " one another," instead of " one- 

 self" (reflexive form). But it is the same reflexive pronoun 

 i, in both the simple Reflexive and the Reciprocal. The 

 My. har compares with the Mota var (Codrington), but 6c///' 

 forms intransitives, or the simple Reflexive, var the 

 Reciprocal. Is this r =r diri (My.) = self? My. he much 

 used in talking (Marsden), as har is in writing, may be 

 identical with Sam, fe. Fa. hi, fi form is sometimes re- 

 ciprocal, and sometimes intransitive or simple reflexive, 

 like Malay. 



Comparison — 



The preflx in Syi\ Ethtaphal, like the Mg. is reflexive 

 and causative. Assy. Itaphal, and that in Assy. Istaphal or 

 Istanaphel, is like the My., Fa., and Sam. causative and 

 Reflexive ; so (by " transposition ") Sjnr. Eshtaphel. In 

 these we have eth or ta (see h.), or tan. As to meaning, 

 there is exact enough correspondence ; " Eshtaphel has 

 sometimes a passive, and sometimes a reciprocal signification, 

 or it forms intransitives : see Syr. Gr., § 24, 2. 



§ 11. The Passive Voice. 



In Oc, the passive voice is either formed by a, the 

 reflexive pronoun attached -to the verb, or h, a verb sub- 

 stantive, or c, it is marked by a prefixed "tn. As to a — 

 Mg. Sam. 



1. ina. ana 1. ina, ia, a 



2. fina, nina, niina 2. fia, gia, lia 



sina, Una mia, sia, tia 



