24 The Oceanic Languages Se'initic : 



the prefixed on, is used in exactly the same way as the 

 corresponding Oceanic participle, to express usually the 

 present tense, but pretty often also the past : see § 5. This 

 m will frequently come before us as we proceed in connection 

 with the other parts of our subject. 



In My. the veib substantive ada, in Sam. loo and o, § 4, 6,/, 

 in Fa. ino, ho, coming before the participle, have the same 

 effect as the verb substantive in English before the present 

 participle, as, ada iniakan = bo kani = is, or are eating. 

 Fa, mo or ho is the verb substantive in § 4, /, with the 

 participial m prefixed, or it is the participle of the verb 

 substantive. For the Sam. sign of the present (also of the 

 future) : see § 4, / 







h. The Past. 





Mg. 



My. 



Fa. 



Sam. 



n 



(t, with 



de, di 

 Tag. out 



ka 



(d. kui) 

 Fi. ka 



ua (also present) 

 Ma. kua 

 Tongan na 



adverbs) 





Tan. n, in 



Sam. na 







Fi. a 



Rarat. i 



Fi. sa (also present 

 and future) 



1. N', ill, na. For this demonstrative verb substantive 

 auxiliary in Semitic : see § 4, e. It is used in Heb. with the 

 participle to denote the present, the past, and the future : 

 see § 5, and Ges. Diet. s. v. hinneh, at end. In Motlav (Pa.), 

 it denotes the present, and also in Tagala (present and past), 

 in Fiji, it denotes the future. 



2. Sa (past, present, and future) ; t, Sam. te (presefnt and 

 future). For Semitic, see § 4, c. 



3. Ka, kui, ^ia, kua (Tongan gua, Fotuna ko, present ; 

 Rarat., Fotuna, Aniwa, ka, Florida and Gaudaleanar ke, Mg. 

 h (for k), ho (for ko, with adverbs), future. For Semitic, 

 see § 4, a., Mod. Syr. ke, narrative tense. 



4. De, di, past and future. For Semitic, see § 4, h. 



5. A, i. For Semitic, see § 4, /. Mod. Syr. ai or i, 

 narrative tense. 



In Hawaiian, e before the verb, sign of present and future, 

 after the verb, " signifies previous, heforehand, and forms 

 thus, witli the preterite a sort of pluperfect, and with the 

 future a second future," as ua lavje e au, 1 had taken, 

 e laiue e au, 1 shall have taken. Hale, Po. Gr. So in Fa., 



