4 The Oceanic Languages Semitic: 



Assy, amwiu (ma) Eromanga imo, yam^u 



Assy, sa^asu, sasu Sam. siasi, sisi 



Tig. eziu, sing., pi. Mg. izao, sing., pi. 



Mod. Syr. (X^ii, pL, sing. Sam. qui, pL, sing. 



Note in the foregoing, on both sides, the change of k to h, 

 and of I to v, and as to the latter, compare further Ges. Heb. 

 Diet. s.v. am. Note also that the whole seven elements, 

 and they only, occur on both sides of the comparison in 

 these compounds. 



§ 3. Articles or Emphatics. 



a. The articles or emphatics by which is meant simply 

 demonstratives, pre-fixecl or post-fixed to nouns, have, as the 

 above seven demonstrative elements applied in this particular 

 way, already all come under notice in I. and II., on the 

 Personal Pronouns and Numerals, especially in the latter : 

 see II., § 2. It was there remarked that these are found used 

 with other nouns, as well as with the numerals. Thus (5) Fa. 

 nakasu, nakau, Mg. ny hazo, tree ; (4) Sam. le lagi, (2) Fa. 

 elagi, (5) Mg. ny lanitra, heaven ; (1) Sam. onasina, Sulu 

 fasina, the moon ; (5) Fa. nilagi, (1) Sam. mxitagi, the wind ; 

 (1 ) Fa. makau, a cluster ; (7) Ma. tekau, ten ; (6) Api or Epi, 

 kabario, (3) sionherio and vario, Sanguir vuran, the moon ; 

 (4) My. Tumah, (5) An. neom, (1) Ahtiago feiom, (3) Fa. 

 suma, house ; (6) My. kanak, and anak, (3) Mg. zanak, 

 child ; (I) My. hintang, Celebes hituy, Sam. fetu, Fa. onasei, 

 An. onoijeuv (final v emphatic), (4) Ja. lintang, (6) Mg. 

 kintana, Ceram toi, Matabello toin, star. In the above 

 examples the word for " star," as will appear, begins with 

 t (nt), so that we have as articles prefixed to it m (6, /, &c.), 

 I and k. In many cases these articles have been regarded 

 by Europeans and even by natives, as parts of the original 

 word, so that, for instance, the Fatese often say nasum,a for 

 suma, house, as if s were a part of uona, the original word. 

 So the Samoans say o le laau, as if the la of laaw were 

 radical, as Bopp also thought it was, in trying to trace it to 

 the Sanscrit hrakasa ; Prakrit rukka, (see his work '^ Uber 

 die Verwandtschaft der Malayisch-Polynesischen Sprachen, 

 mit den Indisch-Europaischen," p. 4) ; whereas it is the 

 article prefixed to the original word au for kau, wood, tree. 

 This may be called the unconscious article, and its being so 

 unconscious, points to far distant ages in the past, when it 

 was the consciously used article. Note in the above sodp^ 



