Art. I. — The Oceanic Languages Semitic : 



By Kev. D. Macdonald, Fate, Havannah Harbour, New 



Hebrides. 



[Eead 10th March, 1887.] 



III. THE PRONOMINALS. 



Under this head are included the Demonstrative Pronouns, 

 meaning this (here), that (there) ; and the same Demon- 

 stratives used as Articles or Emphatics ; as Relatives ; as 

 Interrogatives ; as Indefinites ; and as Reflexives. 



§ 1. The Demonstratives. 



a. The Fatese demonstrative elements ma}^ be thus 

 given : — 



1. ma (fa, ua, no). 



2. i, e, a, it, o. 



3. sa, se. 



4. li, lu (ri, ru, ra). 



5. ni, in, na. 



6. ke (ga). 



7. te, tic. 



The forms in brackets are phonetic variations. Of these 

 seven demonstratives, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 are sometimes used 

 alone with a noun, meaning simply ''this," as /a/z6 stone, 

 fatu ua, fatu i, fatu se, fatu in, fatu ke, this stone. The 

 other two, 4 and 7, are used thus only in compounds, but 

 their use in this way, and in other ways, clearl}^ shows that 

 they are demonstrative elements exactly like the other five. 

 The compound demonstrative ^expressions are verj^ common 

 in Fatese (as indeed in other languages). Thus 1, 3 give 

 us uase ; 1, 2, uai ; 5, 2, nai ; 1, 5, uane ; 5, 6, naga ; 

 5, 7, netu ; 5, 3, nis ; 4, 6, arog. Then we have sometimes 

 three elements heaped together, or even four, as, 1, 5, 0, 

 uanaga ; 4, ], 2, riiiai; 5, 3, 7, nistii ; 6, 3, 7, Idstu ; 1, 5, 7, 

 uantii; 6, 5, 7, kintu; 4, 1, 5, 6, ru or riuanaga; 2, 4, 1, 2, 



