INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. xxv 



that is, long, thick, and tapering ; for example, the car7ot, and 

 radish. See Plate, 3. 2. branching, (ramose,) that is, divided 

 into side branches, as in trees. 3. bulboiis, that is, fleshy with 

 fibres at the bottom : the btilb is 1. scaly ; (see Plate, 8.) for 

 example, lilj/. 2. solid; (see Plate, 6.) for example, crocus, 

 turnip. 3. coated, (see Plate, 7.) (tunicated ;) for example, 

 the onion. 4. tuberous roots, that is, knobbed, (see Plate 4.) 

 consisting of roundish, fleshy bodies, connected into a bunch 

 by intervening threads or fibres ; for example, potato, peony, 

 dropvoort, (spiraea filipendula.) 5. Jibrous, (see Plate, 1.) that 

 is, consisting wholly of slender threads or filaments; for ex- 

 ample, most of the grasses 6. gramdated, or beaded root, 

 (see Plate, 9.) consisting of several little fleshy knobs, or 

 beads, resembling grains of corn, intermixed with the fibres ; 

 for example, tiohite saxifrage, (saxifraga granulata.) 7. creep- 

 ing, (repent,) (see Plate, 2.) where the root extends horizon- 

 tally, and puts forth fibres at intervals ; for example, miiit. 

 See Plate, 2. 8. bitte7i off, (premorse,) root, that is, not taper- 

 ing, but ending blunt, as though it had been bitten off"; for 

 example, devil's bit scabious, (scabiosa succisa ) See Plate, 5. 



The herb or plant couiprehends the I. Trunk. II. Leaves. 

 III. Supports or props (fulcra.) 



I. The TRUNK, or main body of the vegetable produces 

 the leaves and fructification ; it is of several kinds : viz. I. 

 The stem, which bears and elevates from the root both the 

 leaves and flowers : this in its gro\sjth may be — 



1. Upright (erect,) that is, when it approaches to a perpen- 

 dicular with the ground, for example, j/e'//otu centaury, (chlora 

 perfoliata.) 2. Straight, (strictus,) that is, entirely perpendi- 

 cular without any bending; for example, garden lilies. 3* 

 Trailing, prostrate, or procumbent stem, that is, lying down, 

 unable to support itself, resting on the ground, but without 

 sending forth roots from itself. 4. Creeping, (repent,) that is, 

 resting on the ground, and throwing out roots at intervals, 

 (Plate, 11.) for example; Ivy-leaved crossfoot (ranunculus 

 hederaceus.) 5. Rooting or clinging stem, (radicant,) that is, 

 clinging to any object for support, by means of fibres, which 

 do not, perhaps, imbibe nourishment; for example, the ivy, 

 (hedera.) (See Plate, 12.) 6. Climbing, (scandent,) that is. 



