INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. xxi 



IV. tlie characters of the species are drawn chiefly from 

 peculiarities in the stem, or leaves, tlie jioxmr, and the roots. 

 The leaves and flowers of plants vary from circumstances of 

 soil and situation, and from other causes : hence arise varie- 

 ties in plants. 



CLASSES.' 



The first eleven classes are known by the number alone of 

 stamens in each perfect flower. 



T. MONA'NDRIA.— 0?i^ Stamen. 

 II. DIA'NDRIA.— Two Stamens. 



III. TRIA'NDRIA. — 77^r^e Stamens. 



IV. TETRA'NDRIA.— Foz^r Stamens of equal length. 

 V. PENTA'NDRIA.— i^iy^ Stamens. 



VI. REXA'^^DRIA.— Six Sta?ne?is. 

 VII. HEPTA'NDRIA.— &ym Stame?is. 

 VIII. OCT A' N Dill A.— Eight Stamens. 

 IX. ENNEA'NDRIA.-— Mr/e Stamens. 

 X. DECA'NDRIA.— Te/z Stamens. 



XI. 'DODECA'NDRIA.—Tivelve to Nineteen Stamens, 

 fixed to the receptacle. 



The two next classes depend upon the situation, or insertion 

 of the stamens. 



XII. ICOSA'NDRIA. — Stamens twenty or more, inserted 

 into the calyx. 



XIII. POLYA'NDRIA. — Stamens tiumerous, inserted into 

 the receptacle. See Flora, Jor examples. 



The XIV. and XV. Classes depend on the proportioji of 

 the stamens. 



XIV. T>VDY^ MMlA.Stamens four, two long, and two 

 short ; flowers gaping, (ringent,) or masqued, (personate.) 



XV. TEi:RA'DY^h:Ul A.— Stamens six; four long, and 

 two short; flowers cross-shaped, (cruciform.) '&ee Flora, for 

 examples. 



The XVIth, XVIIth, XVIIIth, XlXth, and XXth, 

 Classes are distinguished by some union of the stamens to each 

 other, or to the pistil. 



' For numerous examples of the Classes and Orders, see the Flora. 



