XX INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. 



the calyx : the partial, or several small flowers of which they 

 are composed, are caWedJlorets. 



1. Aggregate flowers properly so called, have a common, 

 undivided receptacle, the anthers all separate, and the florets 

 usually on stalks ; for example, Scabiosa, teasel, (dipsacus,) 

 &c. 



2. Compound flowers, contain several florets, inclosed in a 

 common calyx, and seated on a common receptacle, with the 

 anthers connected in a cylindrical form. 



Compound flowers are — 1. Strap-s/japed, (ligulate,) that is, 

 with flat florets, shaped like a fillet, expanded towards the 

 outer side, with the base only tubular; for example, da?idelio7i, 

 (leontodon.) See Plate, 196.* 2. Tuhulose, with all the florets 

 tubular, that is, having a bell-shaped border, with five seg- 

 ments, rising from a tube, (tubulose,) is the same as flosculose ; 

 example, thistle, (carduus.) See Plate, 198.* 3. Radiate, 

 when the florets of the middle part are tubulose, and those of 

 the circumference of another form, that of a ray; for exam- 

 ple, yarroxi), (achillea,) bhie-hottle, (centaurea:) in artemisia, 

 the florets are nearly naked. 



3. Glumose flowers, have a thread-shaped receptacle, with 

 a common husk, or glume, at the base; for eyi?invp\e, grasses. 



Of the Linncean Classification of Plants. 



In the system of Linnaeus the stamens represent the male, 

 the pistils, the female part of fructification. This artificial 

 system consists of twenty-four classes, which are principally 

 founded on the number, situation, and proportion of the 

 stamens. 



The classes are divided into orders, which are again divided 

 into genera ; and these last are divided into species, or indi- 

 viduals.^ 



I. The characters of the classes are taken from the num- 

 ber, length, connexion, or situation of the stamens. 



II. The characters of the orders are, for the most part, 

 taken from the iiumber of the pistils. 



III. The characters of the genera are taken from the parts 

 of the flower. 



' See these terms explained further on, p. xxiv. 



