xviii INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. 



upon the germen. 3. the stigma^ or summit of the pistil. See 

 Plate, 136, c. 



Many flowers have the stigma situated immediately upon 

 the germen : being without any style. 



V. SEED-VESSEL, or PERICARP, (see plate, 137.) is 

 the germen at maturity, and contains the seeds. Its kinds 

 are — 



1. The Capsule, a membranaceous, hollow, dry, seed-vessel 

 opening in some determinate manner. See Plate, 137. Its 

 parts are — 1. the valves, or older covering. See Plate, 173. 2. 

 the seams, or sutures, the edges by which the valves are con- 

 nected. See Plate, 173. 3. the cells, (loculaments,) that is, 

 hollow places in which the seeds are situated. 4. partitions, 

 (dissepiments,) which separate the cells from each other. 

 See Plate, 173. 5. the colum?i, (columella,) that is, an upright 

 substance passing through the centre of some capsules, and 

 connecting the several partitions and seeds. See Plate, 1 73. 



2. The A^^^^^, a seed covered by a hard, woody shell ; for 

 example, the hazel-nut. See Plate, 141. 



3. The Stone-fruit, (drupe,) (see plate, 142.) is a pulpy 

 seed vessel, containing a nut or stone with a kernel; for ex- 

 ample, plum, cherry. 



4. The Berry, (see plate, 144.) is a pulpy fruit, containing 

 naked and dispersed seeds ; for example, gooseberry, straw- 

 berry, blackbeny. 



5. Tlie Pome, or Apple -like fruit, (see plate, 143.) is a pulpy 

 seed-vessel, containing a capsule. It includes all the moist 

 fruits, with seeds lodged in a core ; for example, apple, pear, 

 quince, &c. 



6. The Silique, or Pod, (see plate, 138.) is an oblong, 

 membranaceous, two-valved seed-vessel, having the seeds fixed 

 along both sutures or seams ; for example, the common stock 

 gilliflov:>er, (cheiranthus.) 



7. The Silicle, or Pouch, (see plate, 139.) is a two-valved 

 seed-vessel, generally broader than long, with seeds fixed along 

 both seams or sutures; for example, honesty, (lunaria,) shep- 

 herd' s purse, (thlaspi bursa-pastoris,) in shape it may be round, 

 egg-shaped, or flattened ; entire, or notched at the end. 



8. The Pod, (or legume,) is a seed-vessel of two valves, in 



