xiv INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. 



2. Involucre, is the Calyx particularly of an Umbel, but 

 applied to other kinds of inflorescence (see plate, 88.) placed 

 at some distance from the flower : it is chiefly found in the 

 umbelliferous, or parsley-like tribe. See Plate, 102. 



1. The involucre is called universal^ when placed under a 

 tmiversal umbel. See Plate, 89. a, the general involucre, with 

 its umbels, b, the partial involucre with its partial umbels. 

 2. The involucre is termed partial, when placed under a 

 partial umbel. See Plate, 89. b, 



3. Catkin, or Amentum, consisting of a cylindrical com- 

 mon receptacle, beset with numerous scales, each scale ac- 

 companied by one or more stamens, or pistils, or both ; ex- 

 ample, the hazel. See Plate, 105. 



4. The Sheath, or Spatha, opens lengthwise, and puts 

 forth a kind of flower-stalk, called a spadix ; example, the 

 siiovodrop, (galanthus,) the cuckoo-pint, (arum.) See Plate, 87. 



5. Husk, or Glume, the chaffy calyx of grasses, with its dry 

 leaves, called valves. See Plate, 116. Husks b. b. Awn (arista,) 

 is the sharp point, or beard issuing from the husk or glume. 

 See Plate, 96. 



6. Perich^tium, is the scaly sheath of mosses. 



7. VoLVA, is the wrapper, surrounding the stem of fun- 

 guses, or mushrooms. 



The Calyx of flowers, with respect to number, may be 

 single, or one, double, or wanting. 



II. With respect to compositioii, it may be — 



1. Tiled, (imbricated,) that is, of various scales lying over 

 each other: example, havok-'weed, (hieracium,) sovo-tkistle, 

 (sonchus.) See Plate, 113, 114. 



2. Wide-spreading, (squarrose,) of scales widely spreading, 

 every way; example, thistle, [cavduus,) plume-thistle, (cnicus.) 



3. Augmented, that is, with a series of distinct leaves, 

 shorter than its own, surrounding the outer part of the base ; 

 example, the^m^, (dianthus.) See Plate, 100. 



4. Many-flowered, that is, common to many florets; exam- 

 ple, scabious, (scabiosa,) and plants of the class syngenesia, 

 daisy, dandelion, &c. 



III. The Calyx, with respect to situation, may be — 



