PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Tordy'lium. 85 



saw-toothed ; downy beneath. E. B. 556. P. sylves- 

 tris. Sb. 101. P. sylvestris latifolia. G. E. 1025. 



Borders of fields, hillocks, dry hanks, chalky soil. Sm. 



Bien. July. 



Plant rough, rigid, three feet. Fl. yellow. Fr. large. Involucre 



none ; foot-stalks smooth. DC. 



Seeds have been used in intennittents. Linn. Fl. Suec. Roots 

 highly nutritious, abounding in saccharine matter : brewed in the 

 north of Ireland, with hops, and fermented with yeast. Hogs 

 fatten on the roots quickly. 



By cultivation the eatable garden parsnep, with larger, smoother 

 leaves. 



HERACLE'UM.' Cow-parsnep. 



H. Spho7idy'Uum. Common C. Hog -weed. Leaves 

 winged ; leaflets wing-cleft, cut and saw-toothed. E. 

 B. 939. Sphondylium. G. E. 1009. 



Hedges, borders of fields, rather moist meadows. 



Bien. Sm. July. 



Four feet high. Fl. white, large, radiant : petah inversely heart- 

 shaped. Leaflets five-cleft, oblong, hairy, rough on both sides : 

 terminal one three-lobed. Common stalk of the Is. with one 

 large inflated ribbed stipula. 

 In Kamtschatka the foot-stalks of the root-leaves collected ; the 



rind being peeled off, they are dried separately in the sun, then 



tied up in bundles, and laid in the shade : in a short time these 



dried stalks are covered with a yellow saccharine efflorescence : in 



this state, eaten as a gi'eat delicacy. 



The stalks also fermented with bilberries (Vaccin. uliginosum ;) 



and a strong liquor distilled from them. Gmelin. Fl. Siber. Swine 



and rabbits fond of this plant. 



TORDY'LIUM. Hart-wort. 



T. maximum. G7'eat H. Leaflets spear-shaped, deeply 

 saw-toothed and notched. Flowers somewhat radiant j 

 the outermost petal of two equal lobes. Stem rough, 

 with close bristles bent downwards. E. B. 1173. 

 Seseli creticum majus. G. E. 1050. 



Banks and waste ground, very rare. Under the hedge on the north 

 side of the Parks, Oxford. Dr. J. Sibthorp, and Mr. Wood- 

 ward.** Not found, 1832. R. W. Hedges, near Eton 

 Wick, very abundant. Tur. 



An. June. 



Fl. white, or rose-coloured. Outward petals largest. Umb. rather 



' /icrac/e«/n, from Hercules, or Heraclea. — eion Gr. 



